Analysis of Cannabinoids in Oil
Introduction: Cannabinoids are bioactive molecules found abundantly in the cannabis plant, with two major cannabinoids being Δ-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol. Method: The study was divided into three phases: (1) systematic literature search on the analysis of cannabinoids in oils, (2)...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Mary Ann Liebert
2024-03-01
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| Series: | Integrative Medicine Reports |
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| Online Access: | https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/10.1089/imr.2024.0019 |
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| author | Janis Vella Szijj Lovely L. Gallo Paul I. Buhagiar Karolina Szyrner Nicolette Sammut Bartolo Simone Ronsisvalle Anthony Serracino Inglott Lilian M. Azzopardi |
| author_facet | Janis Vella Szijj Lovely L. Gallo Paul I. Buhagiar Karolina Szyrner Nicolette Sammut Bartolo Simone Ronsisvalle Anthony Serracino Inglott Lilian M. Azzopardi |
| author_sort | Janis Vella Szijj |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Introduction: Cannabinoids are bioactive molecules found abundantly in the cannabis plant, with two major cannabinoids being Δ-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol. Method: The study was divided into three phases: (1) systematic literature search on the analysis of cannabinoids in oils, (2) development and validation of a rapid and efficient high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-ultraviolet (UV) method for the determination of THC in medium-chain triglyceride (MCT) oil, and (iii) green assessment of methods for the determination of cannabinoids in oil. Results: Articles identified describe the analysis of cannabinoids in olive oil and hemp oil. Regarding the developed and validated method for analysis of THC in MCT oil, separation was achieved using an ACE C18-AR (250 × 4.6 mm; 5 µm) column with acetonitrile and 0.5% acetic acid (70:30, v/v) as the mobile phase at a flow rate of 2 mL/min. The analysis was conducted in isocratic mode with UV detection set at 220 nm. Injection volume was 10 µL. The method was validated in the linear range of 0.03125–0.5%. The method developed in this study was found to have equivalent greenness to other HPLC-UV methods reported in the literature. Discussion: The method has acceptable accuracy, precision, and stability, is relatively green, and can be successfully applied to determine concentrations of THC in commercially available cannabinoid-containing oils where the allowed limit of THC is 0.2–0.3%. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-fb6bc6b0fdf9442cbd4d67133b0fbe83 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2768-3222 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-03-01 |
| publisher | Mary Ann Liebert |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Integrative Medicine Reports |
| spelling | doaj-art-fb6bc6b0fdf9442cbd4d67133b0fbe832025-08-20T02:30:31ZengMary Ann LiebertIntegrative Medicine Reports2768-32222024-03-013112213110.1089/imr.2024.0019Analysis of Cannabinoids in OilJanis Vella Szijj0Lovely L. Gallo1Paul I. Buhagiar2Karolina Szyrner3Nicolette Sammut Bartolo4Simone Ronsisvalle5Anthony Serracino Inglott6Lilian M. Azzopardi7Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, Msida, Malta.Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, Msida, Malta.Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, Msida, Malta.Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, Msida, Malta.Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, Msida, Malta.Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, Msida, Malta.Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, Msida, Malta.Introduction: Cannabinoids are bioactive molecules found abundantly in the cannabis plant, with two major cannabinoids being Δ-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol. Method: The study was divided into three phases: (1) systematic literature search on the analysis of cannabinoids in oils, (2) development and validation of a rapid and efficient high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-ultraviolet (UV) method for the determination of THC in medium-chain triglyceride (MCT) oil, and (iii) green assessment of methods for the determination of cannabinoids in oil. Results: Articles identified describe the analysis of cannabinoids in olive oil and hemp oil. Regarding the developed and validated method for analysis of THC in MCT oil, separation was achieved using an ACE C18-AR (250 × 4.6 mm; 5 µm) column with acetonitrile and 0.5% acetic acid (70:30, v/v) as the mobile phase at a flow rate of 2 mL/min. The analysis was conducted in isocratic mode with UV detection set at 220 nm. Injection volume was 10 µL. The method was validated in the linear range of 0.03125–0.5%. The method developed in this study was found to have equivalent greenness to other HPLC-UV methods reported in the literature. Discussion: The method has acceptable accuracy, precision, and stability, is relatively green, and can be successfully applied to determine concentrations of THC in commercially available cannabinoid-containing oils where the allowed limit of THC is 0.2–0.3%.https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/10.1089/imr.2024.0019cannabinoidsTHCMCT oilHPLC-UVmethod validationgreenness assessment |
| spellingShingle | Janis Vella Szijj Lovely L. Gallo Paul I. Buhagiar Karolina Szyrner Nicolette Sammut Bartolo Simone Ronsisvalle Anthony Serracino Inglott Lilian M. Azzopardi Analysis of Cannabinoids in Oil Integrative Medicine Reports cannabinoids THC MCT oil HPLC-UV method validation greenness assessment |
| title | Analysis of Cannabinoids in Oil |
| title_full | Analysis of Cannabinoids in Oil |
| title_fullStr | Analysis of Cannabinoids in Oil |
| title_full_unstemmed | Analysis of Cannabinoids in Oil |
| title_short | Analysis of Cannabinoids in Oil |
| title_sort | analysis of cannabinoids in oil |
| topic | cannabinoids THC MCT oil HPLC-UV method validation greenness assessment |
| url | https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/10.1089/imr.2024.0019 |
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