The Impact of Harvest Season on Oolong Tea Aroma Profile and Quality

The impact of seasonality on the aroma quality of tea has been documented in various tea types, but not specifically in oolong tea. This study is the first to explore the complex relationships between seasonality, volatile compounds, and aroma quality in oolong tea. Using Headspace Solid-Phase Micro...

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Main Authors: Chao Zheng, Shuilian Gao, Xiaxia Wang, Zhenbiao Yang, Junling Zhou, Ying Liu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-08-01
Series:Plants
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/14/15/2378
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author Chao Zheng
Shuilian Gao
Xiaxia Wang
Zhenbiao Yang
Junling Zhou
Ying Liu
author_facet Chao Zheng
Shuilian Gao
Xiaxia Wang
Zhenbiao Yang
Junling Zhou
Ying Liu
author_sort Chao Zheng
collection DOAJ
description The impact of seasonality on the aroma quality of tea has been documented in various tea types, but not specifically in oolong tea. This study is the first to explore the complex relationships between seasonality, volatile compounds, and aroma quality in oolong tea. Using Headspace Solid-Phase Microextraction Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS)-based untargeted metabolomics, we analyzed 266 samples of Tieguanyin oolong tea. The data identified linalool, linalool oxides (trans-linalool oxide (furanoid) and trans-linalool oxide (pyranoid)), and their metabolites (diendiol I; hotrienol) as key seasonal discriminants. Four out of the top ten key differential compounds for distinguishing aroma scores were metabolites from fatty acid degradation, namely trans-3-hexenyl butyrate, trans-2-hexenyl hexanoate, hexyl hexanoate, and hexyl 2-methyl butyrate. Approximately one-fifth of the seasonal discriminant volatile compounds were significant in influencing aroma quality. Overall, the impact of seasonality on the aroma quality of finished Tieguanyin oolong tea is marginal. These findings enhance our understanding of the interplay between seasonal variations, volatile composition, and aroma quality in oolong tea.
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spelling doaj-art-fb6ba1c55aa9494abfe86c3609df6a9f2025-08-20T03:02:51ZengMDPI AGPlants2223-77472025-08-011415237810.3390/plants14152378The Impact of Harvest Season on Oolong Tea Aroma Profile and QualityChao Zheng0Shuilian Gao1Xiaxia Wang2Zhenbiao Yang3Junling Zhou4Ying Liu5Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350007, ChinaAnxi College of Tea Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350007, ChinaHaixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350007, ChinaHaixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350007, ChinaHaixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350007, ChinaHaixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350007, ChinaThe impact of seasonality on the aroma quality of tea has been documented in various tea types, but not specifically in oolong tea. This study is the first to explore the complex relationships between seasonality, volatile compounds, and aroma quality in oolong tea. Using Headspace Solid-Phase Microextraction Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS)-based untargeted metabolomics, we analyzed 266 samples of Tieguanyin oolong tea. The data identified linalool, linalool oxides (trans-linalool oxide (furanoid) and trans-linalool oxide (pyranoid)), and their metabolites (diendiol I; hotrienol) as key seasonal discriminants. Four out of the top ten key differential compounds for distinguishing aroma scores were metabolites from fatty acid degradation, namely trans-3-hexenyl butyrate, trans-2-hexenyl hexanoate, hexyl hexanoate, and hexyl 2-methyl butyrate. Approximately one-fifth of the seasonal discriminant volatile compounds were significant in influencing aroma quality. Overall, the impact of seasonality on the aroma quality of finished Tieguanyin oolong tea is marginal. These findings enhance our understanding of the interplay between seasonal variations, volatile composition, and aroma quality in oolong tea.https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/14/15/2378oolong teaaroma qualityseasonHS-SPME-GC-MSuntargeted metabolomics
spellingShingle Chao Zheng
Shuilian Gao
Xiaxia Wang
Zhenbiao Yang
Junling Zhou
Ying Liu
The Impact of Harvest Season on Oolong Tea Aroma Profile and Quality
Plants
oolong tea
aroma quality
season
HS-SPME-GC-MS
untargeted metabolomics
title The Impact of Harvest Season on Oolong Tea Aroma Profile and Quality
title_full The Impact of Harvest Season on Oolong Tea Aroma Profile and Quality
title_fullStr The Impact of Harvest Season on Oolong Tea Aroma Profile and Quality
title_full_unstemmed The Impact of Harvest Season on Oolong Tea Aroma Profile and Quality
title_short The Impact of Harvest Season on Oolong Tea Aroma Profile and Quality
title_sort impact of harvest season on oolong tea aroma profile and quality
topic oolong tea
aroma quality
season
HS-SPME-GC-MS
untargeted metabolomics
url https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/14/15/2378
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