Examining Brain Function Changes in HIV‐Infected Patients With Asymptomatic Neurocognitive Impairment: A Longitudinal Study

ABSTRACT Background HIV‐associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND), especially asymptomatic neurocognitive impairment (ANI), the initial stage of HAND, persist among a substantial proportion of individuals living with HIV despite the introduction of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART). Resting...

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Main Authors: Juming Ma, Zhongkai Zhou, Shuai Han, Chuanke Hou, Xingyuan Jiang, Fan Xu, Haixia Luo, Jiaojiao Liu, Wei Wang, Haiyan Zhao, Lingling Zhao, Hongjun Li
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2025-06-01
Series:Brain and Behavior
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1002/brb3.70559
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author Juming Ma
Zhongkai Zhou
Shuai Han
Chuanke Hou
Xingyuan Jiang
Fan Xu
Haixia Luo
Jiaojiao Liu
Wei Wang
Haiyan Zhao
Lingling Zhao
Hongjun Li
author_facet Juming Ma
Zhongkai Zhou
Shuai Han
Chuanke Hou
Xingyuan Jiang
Fan Xu
Haixia Luo
Jiaojiao Liu
Wei Wang
Haiyan Zhao
Lingling Zhao
Hongjun Li
author_sort Juming Ma
collection DOAJ
description ABSTRACT Background HIV‐associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND), especially asymptomatic neurocognitive impairment (ANI), the initial stage of HAND, persist among a substantial proportion of individuals living with HIV despite the introduction of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART). Resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs‐fMRI) focusing on ANI among HIV‐related patients is rarely reported. Methods 60 right‐handed Chinese male patients with HIV‐associated ANI underwent baseline and follow‐up neurocognitive examination, and rs‐fMRI scans over an average interval of 1.68 years. Brain function alterations were evaluated through amplitude of low‐frequency fluctuation (ALFF/fALFF), regional homogeneity (ReHo), and functional connectivity (FC) analyses. Results In this study, significant reductions in ALFF were observed in the MOG, cuneus, superior frontal gyrus, and supplementary motor area in the follow‐up group compared to baseline. This was accompanied by increased ALFF in the right insula. ReHo analysis revealed decreased values in the left median cingulate, right calcarine fissure, MOG, and left precentral gyrus, alongside increased ReHo in the supramarginal gyrus, postcentral gyrus, parahippocampal gyrus, and calcarine fissure. FC analysis demonstrated decreased connectivity between the precentral gyrus and calcarine cortex and between the MOG and calcarine cortex. Correlation analysis indicated that these imaging changes were correlated with declines in specific neurocognitive domains, including memory, speed of information processing, and executive function. Conclusion Our research demonstrates a gradual deterioration in brain function in HIV‐positive individuals with ANI despite receiving cART. This decline correlates with worsening neurocognitive abilities, specifically visual processing and executive function.
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spelling doaj-art-fb6041c845964650b81f4e58870947352025-08-20T04:00:50ZengWileyBrain and Behavior2162-32792025-06-01156n/an/a10.1002/brb3.70559Examining Brain Function Changes in HIV‐Infected Patients With Asymptomatic Neurocognitive Impairment: A Longitudinal StudyJuming Ma0Zhongkai Zhou1Shuai Han2Chuanke Hou3Xingyuan Jiang4Fan Xu5Haixia Luo6Jiaojiao Liu7Wei Wang8Haiyan Zhao9Lingling Zhao10Hongjun Li11Department of Radiology Qilu Hospital of Shandong University Jinan ChinaDepartment of Radiology Beijing Youan Hospital Capital Medical University Beijing ChinaDepartment of Radiology Qilu Hospital of Shandong University Jinan ChinaDepartment of Radiology Beijing Youan Hospital Capital Medical University Beijing ChinaDepartment of Radiology Beijing Youan Hospital Capital Medical University Beijing ChinaDepartment of Radiology Beijing Youan Hospital Capital Medical University Beijing ChinaDepartment of Radiology Beijing Youan Hospital Capital Medical University Beijing ChinaDepartment of Radiology Beijing Youan Hospital Capital Medical University Beijing ChinaDepartment of Radiology Beijing Youan Hospital Capital Medical University Beijing ChinaDepartment of Radiology Beijing Youan Hospital Capital Medical University Beijing ChinaThe Sixth People's Hospital of Zhengzhou Zhengzhou ChinaDepartment of Radiology Beijing Youan Hospital Capital Medical University Beijing ChinaABSTRACT Background HIV‐associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND), especially asymptomatic neurocognitive impairment (ANI), the initial stage of HAND, persist among a substantial proportion of individuals living with HIV despite the introduction of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART). Resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs‐fMRI) focusing on ANI among HIV‐related patients is rarely reported. Methods 60 right‐handed Chinese male patients with HIV‐associated ANI underwent baseline and follow‐up neurocognitive examination, and rs‐fMRI scans over an average interval of 1.68 years. Brain function alterations were evaluated through amplitude of low‐frequency fluctuation (ALFF/fALFF), regional homogeneity (ReHo), and functional connectivity (FC) analyses. Results In this study, significant reductions in ALFF were observed in the MOG, cuneus, superior frontal gyrus, and supplementary motor area in the follow‐up group compared to baseline. This was accompanied by increased ALFF in the right insula. ReHo analysis revealed decreased values in the left median cingulate, right calcarine fissure, MOG, and left precentral gyrus, alongside increased ReHo in the supramarginal gyrus, postcentral gyrus, parahippocampal gyrus, and calcarine fissure. FC analysis demonstrated decreased connectivity between the precentral gyrus and calcarine cortex and between the MOG and calcarine cortex. Correlation analysis indicated that these imaging changes were correlated with declines in specific neurocognitive domains, including memory, speed of information processing, and executive function. Conclusion Our research demonstrates a gradual deterioration in brain function in HIV‐positive individuals with ANI despite receiving cART. This decline correlates with worsening neurocognitive abilities, specifically visual processing and executive function.https://doi.org/10.1002/brb3.70559amplitude of low‐frequency fluctuationasymptomatic neurocognitive impairmentfunctional connectivityHIV‐associated neurocognitive disordersregional homogeneity
spellingShingle Juming Ma
Zhongkai Zhou
Shuai Han
Chuanke Hou
Xingyuan Jiang
Fan Xu
Haixia Luo
Jiaojiao Liu
Wei Wang
Haiyan Zhao
Lingling Zhao
Hongjun Li
Examining Brain Function Changes in HIV‐Infected Patients With Asymptomatic Neurocognitive Impairment: A Longitudinal Study
Brain and Behavior
amplitude of low‐frequency fluctuation
asymptomatic neurocognitive impairment
functional connectivity
HIV‐associated neurocognitive disorders
regional homogeneity
title Examining Brain Function Changes in HIV‐Infected Patients With Asymptomatic Neurocognitive Impairment: A Longitudinal Study
title_full Examining Brain Function Changes in HIV‐Infected Patients With Asymptomatic Neurocognitive Impairment: A Longitudinal Study
title_fullStr Examining Brain Function Changes in HIV‐Infected Patients With Asymptomatic Neurocognitive Impairment: A Longitudinal Study
title_full_unstemmed Examining Brain Function Changes in HIV‐Infected Patients With Asymptomatic Neurocognitive Impairment: A Longitudinal Study
title_short Examining Brain Function Changes in HIV‐Infected Patients With Asymptomatic Neurocognitive Impairment: A Longitudinal Study
title_sort examining brain function changes in hiv infected patients with asymptomatic neurocognitive impairment a longitudinal study
topic amplitude of low‐frequency fluctuation
asymptomatic neurocognitive impairment
functional connectivity
HIV‐associated neurocognitive disorders
regional homogeneity
url https://doi.org/10.1002/brb3.70559
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