Toxicity of Post-Emergent Herbicides on Entomopathogenic Fungi Used in the Management of Corn Leafhopper: In Vitro and In Vivo Assessments
This is the first study to assess the physicochemical and biological compatibility of herbicides used in corn crops with entomopathogenic fungi used in the management of <i>Dalbulus maidis</i> in Brazil. The biological index was employed to ascertain the in vitro compatibility of the her...
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2024-11-01
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| author | Matheus Rakes Maíra Chagas Morais Maria Eduarda Sperotto Odimar Zanuzo Zanardi Daniel Bernardi Anderson Dionei Grützmacher Leandro do Prado Ribeiro |
| author_facet | Matheus Rakes Maíra Chagas Morais Maria Eduarda Sperotto Odimar Zanuzo Zanardi Daniel Bernardi Anderson Dionei Grützmacher Leandro do Prado Ribeiro |
| author_sort | Matheus Rakes |
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| description | This is the first study to assess the physicochemical and biological compatibility of herbicides used in corn crops with entomopathogenic fungi used in the management of <i>Dalbulus maidis</i> in Brazil. The biological index was employed to ascertain the in vitro compatibility of the herbicides with pure spores (not formulated) of tested fungal isolates (Esalq-1296 of <i>Cordyceps javanica</i> and IBCB66 and Simbi BB15 of <i>Beauveria bassiana</i>). The results indicated a significant interaction between herbicides and fungal isolates when colony diameter and colony-forming units (CFU) were considered. Furthermore, changes in physicochemical characteristics were observed in some mixtures of herbicides and mycoinsecticides tested. The number of CFU was significantly reduced as the exposure time increased in the mixtures containing all the herbicides tested. In general, the Esalq-1296 isolate of <i>C. javanica</i>, formulated in a suspension concentrate (Octane<sup>®</sup>), proved to be more sensitive to the herbicides studied. In vivo bioassays demonstrated that, despite the synergistic effect of the binary mixtures of herbicides and mycoinsecticides on <i>D. maidis</i> mortality, the presence of the herbicide in the mixtures prevented the extrusion of entomopathogens from cadavers; therefore, caution is recommended when combining mycoinsecticides and post-emergent herbicides in tank mixtures aiming to manage <i>D. maidis</i>. |
| format | Article |
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| issn | 2077-0472 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-11-01 |
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| series | Agriculture |
| spelling | doaj-art-fb5c24337f3b4b39bbe97b95cd305ad82025-08-20T02:00:55ZengMDPI AGAgriculture2077-04722024-11-011412218910.3390/agriculture14122189Toxicity of Post-Emergent Herbicides on Entomopathogenic Fungi Used in the Management of Corn Leafhopper: In Vitro and In Vivo AssessmentsMatheus Rakes0Maíra Chagas Morais1Maria Eduarda Sperotto2Odimar Zanuzo Zanardi3Daniel Bernardi4Anderson Dionei Grützmacher5Leandro do Prado Ribeiro6Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agronomy Eliseu Maciel, Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), Pelotas 96010-900, RS, BrazilDepartment of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agronomy Eliseu Maciel, Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), Pelotas 96010-900, RS, BrazilFaculty of Agronomy, Uceff University (UCEFF), Chapecó 89812-214, SC, BrazilDepartment of Education, Research and Extension, Federal Institute of Santa Catarina (IFSC), São Miguel do Oeste 89900-000, SC, BrazilDepartment of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agronomy Eliseu Maciel, Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), Pelotas 96010-900, RS, BrazilDepartment of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agronomy Eliseu Maciel, Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), Pelotas 96010-900, RS, BrazilResearch Center for Family Agriculture, Agricultural Research and Rural Extension Company of Santa Catarina (CEPAF/EPAGRI), Chapecó 89801-970, SC, BrazilThis is the first study to assess the physicochemical and biological compatibility of herbicides used in corn crops with entomopathogenic fungi used in the management of <i>Dalbulus maidis</i> in Brazil. The biological index was employed to ascertain the in vitro compatibility of the herbicides with pure spores (not formulated) of tested fungal isolates (Esalq-1296 of <i>Cordyceps javanica</i> and IBCB66 and Simbi BB15 of <i>Beauveria bassiana</i>). The results indicated a significant interaction between herbicides and fungal isolates when colony diameter and colony-forming units (CFU) were considered. Furthermore, changes in physicochemical characteristics were observed in some mixtures of herbicides and mycoinsecticides tested. The number of CFU was significantly reduced as the exposure time increased in the mixtures containing all the herbicides tested. In general, the Esalq-1296 isolate of <i>C. javanica</i>, formulated in a suspension concentrate (Octane<sup>®</sup>), proved to be more sensitive to the herbicides studied. In vivo bioassays demonstrated that, despite the synergistic effect of the binary mixtures of herbicides and mycoinsecticides on <i>D. maidis</i> mortality, the presence of the herbicide in the mixtures prevented the extrusion of entomopathogens from cadavers; therefore, caution is recommended when combining mycoinsecticides and post-emergent herbicides in tank mixtures aiming to manage <i>D. maidis</i>.https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/14/12/2189mycoinsecticides<i>Beauveria bassiana</i><i>Cordyceps javanica</i><i>Dalbulus maidis</i>glyphosate |
| spellingShingle | Matheus Rakes Maíra Chagas Morais Maria Eduarda Sperotto Odimar Zanuzo Zanardi Daniel Bernardi Anderson Dionei Grützmacher Leandro do Prado Ribeiro Toxicity of Post-Emergent Herbicides on Entomopathogenic Fungi Used in the Management of Corn Leafhopper: In Vitro and In Vivo Assessments Agriculture mycoinsecticides <i>Beauveria bassiana</i> <i>Cordyceps javanica</i> <i>Dalbulus maidis</i> glyphosate |
| title | Toxicity of Post-Emergent Herbicides on Entomopathogenic Fungi Used in the Management of Corn Leafhopper: In Vitro and In Vivo Assessments |
| title_full | Toxicity of Post-Emergent Herbicides on Entomopathogenic Fungi Used in the Management of Corn Leafhopper: In Vitro and In Vivo Assessments |
| title_fullStr | Toxicity of Post-Emergent Herbicides on Entomopathogenic Fungi Used in the Management of Corn Leafhopper: In Vitro and In Vivo Assessments |
| title_full_unstemmed | Toxicity of Post-Emergent Herbicides on Entomopathogenic Fungi Used in the Management of Corn Leafhopper: In Vitro and In Vivo Assessments |
| title_short | Toxicity of Post-Emergent Herbicides on Entomopathogenic Fungi Used in the Management of Corn Leafhopper: In Vitro and In Vivo Assessments |
| title_sort | toxicity of post emergent herbicides on entomopathogenic fungi used in the management of corn leafhopper in vitro and in vivo assessments |
| topic | mycoinsecticides <i>Beauveria bassiana</i> <i>Cordyceps javanica</i> <i>Dalbulus maidis</i> glyphosate |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/14/12/2189 |
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