Safety, Tolerability, and Pharmacokinetics of Filapixant, a Highly Selective P2X3 Receptor Antagonist, in an Ascending-Single-Dose First-in-Human Study

<b>Background/Objectives:</b> P2X3 receptor antagonists have been suggested as a potential treatment for urogenital, respiratory and pain conditions. This first-in-human (FiH) study evaluated filapixant, a new P2X3 receptor antagonist with high receptor selectivity. It was anticipated th...

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Main Authors: Klaus Francke, Sybille Baumann, Isabella Gashaw, Stefan Klein, Beate Rohde, Oliver Zolk, Oliver M. Fischer, Christian Friedrich
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-05-01
Series:Pharmaceuticals
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8247/18/5/758
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author Klaus Francke
Sybille Baumann
Isabella Gashaw
Stefan Klein
Beate Rohde
Oliver Zolk
Oliver M. Fischer
Christian Friedrich
author_facet Klaus Francke
Sybille Baumann
Isabella Gashaw
Stefan Klein
Beate Rohde
Oliver Zolk
Oliver M. Fischer
Christian Friedrich
author_sort Klaus Francke
collection DOAJ
description <b>Background/Objectives:</b> P2X3 receptor antagonists have been suggested as a potential treatment for urogenital, respiratory and pain conditions. This first-in-human (FiH) study evaluated filapixant, a new P2X3 receptor antagonist with high receptor selectivity. It was anticipated that filapixant would cause fewer taste-related side effects compared to the unselective P2X3/P2X2/3 antagonist gefapixant and the less selective P2X3 antagonist eliapixant. This study assessed the tolerability, safety and PK of filapixant, the effect of food on PK and relative BA of a tablet vs. solution. <b>Methods</b>: This study (NCT03212586) followed a randomized, double-blind single-ascending-dose design. A total of 72 healthy male subjects received a solution (6–60 mg) or immediate-release tablets (120–1250 mg) of filapixant or corresponding placebo in fasted state. The subjects at 60 mg were re-dosed with 60 mg tablets in both fasted and fed states. The endpoints included PK parameters, dose proportionality, adverse events, and taste assessments (taste strips; dysgeusia questionnaire). <b>Results</b>: Filapixant showed dose-proportional PK with a half-life (about 10–15 h), supporting once-daily dosing. Food minimally affected PK and BA was comparable between tablet and solution. Filapixant was well tolerated; however, the number of taste side effects was unexpectedly high. Comparing the results observed across clinical filapixant studies, the threshold for such side effects seems to be well below the in vitro IC<sub>50</sub> for P2X2/3. <b>Conclusions</b>: Treatment with filapixant was safe and well tolerated. Filapixant showed dose-proportional PK, bioavailability similar to that of a solution and a tablet, and a minor effect of food on PK. The number of taste side effects was unexpectedly high considering the high in vitro P2X3 receptor selectivity. Factors other than selectivity are needed to explain taste profile differences between P2X3 antagonists.
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spelling doaj-art-fb4f1d4dcd024a6793aad16eb3dfba422025-08-20T03:47:58ZengMDPI AGPharmaceuticals1424-82472025-05-0118575810.3390/ph18050758Safety, Tolerability, and Pharmacokinetics of Filapixant, a Highly Selective P2X3 Receptor Antagonist, in an Ascending-Single-Dose First-in-Human StudyKlaus Francke0Sybille Baumann1Isabella Gashaw2Stefan Klein3Beate Rohde4Oliver Zolk5Oliver M. Fischer6Christian Friedrich7Bayer AG, 13353 Berlin, GermanyCRS Clinical Research Services Berlin GmbH, 13627 Berlin, GermanyBayer AG, 13353 Berlin, GermanyBayer AG, 13353 Berlin, GermanyBayer AG, 13353 Berlin, GermanyInstitute of Clinical Pharmacology, Brandenburg Medical School, Immanuel Klinik Rüdersdorf, Seebad 82/83, Rüdersdorf bei Berlin, 15562 Rüdersdorf, GermanyBayer AG, 13353 Berlin, GermanyBayer AG, 13353 Berlin, Germany<b>Background/Objectives:</b> P2X3 receptor antagonists have been suggested as a potential treatment for urogenital, respiratory and pain conditions. This first-in-human (FiH) study evaluated filapixant, a new P2X3 receptor antagonist with high receptor selectivity. It was anticipated that filapixant would cause fewer taste-related side effects compared to the unselective P2X3/P2X2/3 antagonist gefapixant and the less selective P2X3 antagonist eliapixant. This study assessed the tolerability, safety and PK of filapixant, the effect of food on PK and relative BA of a tablet vs. solution. <b>Methods</b>: This study (NCT03212586) followed a randomized, double-blind single-ascending-dose design. A total of 72 healthy male subjects received a solution (6–60 mg) or immediate-release tablets (120–1250 mg) of filapixant or corresponding placebo in fasted state. The subjects at 60 mg were re-dosed with 60 mg tablets in both fasted and fed states. The endpoints included PK parameters, dose proportionality, adverse events, and taste assessments (taste strips; dysgeusia questionnaire). <b>Results</b>: Filapixant showed dose-proportional PK with a half-life (about 10–15 h), supporting once-daily dosing. Food minimally affected PK and BA was comparable between tablet and solution. Filapixant was well tolerated; however, the number of taste side effects was unexpectedly high. Comparing the results observed across clinical filapixant studies, the threshold for such side effects seems to be well below the in vitro IC<sub>50</sub> for P2X2/3. <b>Conclusions</b>: Treatment with filapixant was safe and well tolerated. Filapixant showed dose-proportional PK, bioavailability similar to that of a solution and a tablet, and a minor effect of food on PK. The number of taste side effects was unexpectedly high considering the high in vitro P2X3 receptor selectivity. Factors other than selectivity are needed to explain taste profile differences between P2X3 antagonists.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8247/18/5/758dysgeusiaP2X3 receptor antagonistspharmacokineticstaste perceptionfirst in human
spellingShingle Klaus Francke
Sybille Baumann
Isabella Gashaw
Stefan Klein
Beate Rohde
Oliver Zolk
Oliver M. Fischer
Christian Friedrich
Safety, Tolerability, and Pharmacokinetics of Filapixant, a Highly Selective P2X3 Receptor Antagonist, in an Ascending-Single-Dose First-in-Human Study
Pharmaceuticals
dysgeusia
P2X3 receptor antagonists
pharmacokinetics
taste perception
first in human
title Safety, Tolerability, and Pharmacokinetics of Filapixant, a Highly Selective P2X3 Receptor Antagonist, in an Ascending-Single-Dose First-in-Human Study
title_full Safety, Tolerability, and Pharmacokinetics of Filapixant, a Highly Selective P2X3 Receptor Antagonist, in an Ascending-Single-Dose First-in-Human Study
title_fullStr Safety, Tolerability, and Pharmacokinetics of Filapixant, a Highly Selective P2X3 Receptor Antagonist, in an Ascending-Single-Dose First-in-Human Study
title_full_unstemmed Safety, Tolerability, and Pharmacokinetics of Filapixant, a Highly Selective P2X3 Receptor Antagonist, in an Ascending-Single-Dose First-in-Human Study
title_short Safety, Tolerability, and Pharmacokinetics of Filapixant, a Highly Selective P2X3 Receptor Antagonist, in an Ascending-Single-Dose First-in-Human Study
title_sort safety tolerability and pharmacokinetics of filapixant a highly selective p2x3 receptor antagonist in an ascending single dose first in human study
topic dysgeusia
P2X3 receptor antagonists
pharmacokinetics
taste perception
first in human
url https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8247/18/5/758
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