Frequency-Constrained Economic Dispatch of Microgrids Considering Frequency Response Performance

The increasing penetration of renewable energy sources (RESs) has reduced the inertia and reserve levels of microgrids, posing challenges to frequency security during power imbalances. To address these challenges, this paper proposes a multi-objective distributionally robust frequency-constrained ec...

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Main Authors: Zhigang Wu, Chuyue Chen, Danyang Xu, Lin Guan
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-04-01
Series:Energies
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/8/2014
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author Zhigang Wu
Chuyue Chen
Danyang Xu
Lin Guan
author_facet Zhigang Wu
Chuyue Chen
Danyang Xu
Lin Guan
author_sort Zhigang Wu
collection DOAJ
description The increasing penetration of renewable energy sources (RESs) has reduced the inertia and reserve levels of microgrids, posing challenges to frequency security during power imbalances. To address these challenges, this paper proposes a multi-objective distributionally robust frequency-constrained economic dispatch (DRFC-ED) model. First, the model aims to jointly optimize generation dispatch, reserve deployment, and the virtual inertia and damping constants of inverter-based resources to achieve a comprehensive optimization of both economic efficiency and frequency response performance. Then, the model further considers the distinctions between inertia and damping in the frequency response for more effective parameter deployment. Furthermore, the model leverages deep neural networks (DNNs) to convexify non-convex frequency constraints and employs a distributionally robust chance-constrained approach with Wasserstein distance-based ambiguity sets to handle RES uncertainty. Additionally, a method of directly obtaining the compromise optimal solution is used to transform the multi-objective problem into a single-objective one. Finally, the model is formulated as a mixed-integer linear programming problem and validated through case studies, demonstrating (1) an 8.03% reduction in the frequency integral time absolute error (ITAE) with only a 2.1% increase in economic cost compared to single-objective approaches, while (2) maintaining maximum frequency deviation (MFD) < 0.5 Hz during disturbances.
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spelling doaj-art-fb4b5148ce794428883cf9fb5a72c58c2025-08-20T02:17:20ZengMDPI AGEnergies1996-10732025-04-01188201410.3390/en18082014Frequency-Constrained Economic Dispatch of Microgrids Considering Frequency Response PerformanceZhigang Wu0Chuyue Chen1Danyang Xu2Lin Guan3School of Electric Power Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, ChinaSchool of Electric Power Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, ChinaSchool of Electric Power Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, ChinaSchool of Electric Power Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, ChinaThe increasing penetration of renewable energy sources (RESs) has reduced the inertia and reserve levels of microgrids, posing challenges to frequency security during power imbalances. To address these challenges, this paper proposes a multi-objective distributionally robust frequency-constrained economic dispatch (DRFC-ED) model. First, the model aims to jointly optimize generation dispatch, reserve deployment, and the virtual inertia and damping constants of inverter-based resources to achieve a comprehensive optimization of both economic efficiency and frequency response performance. Then, the model further considers the distinctions between inertia and damping in the frequency response for more effective parameter deployment. Furthermore, the model leverages deep neural networks (DNNs) to convexify non-convex frequency constraints and employs a distributionally robust chance-constrained approach with Wasserstein distance-based ambiguity sets to handle RES uncertainty. Additionally, a method of directly obtaining the compromise optimal solution is used to transform the multi-objective problem into a single-objective one. Finally, the model is formulated as a mixed-integer linear programming problem and validated through case studies, demonstrating (1) an 8.03% reduction in the frequency integral time absolute error (ITAE) with only a 2.1% increase in economic cost compared to single-objective approaches, while (2) maintaining maximum frequency deviation (MFD) < 0.5 Hz during disturbances.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/8/2014microgrid schedulingfrequency-constrained optimal dispatchvirtual inertia and damping dispatchmulti-objective optimizationdistributionally robustness
spellingShingle Zhigang Wu
Chuyue Chen
Danyang Xu
Lin Guan
Frequency-Constrained Economic Dispatch of Microgrids Considering Frequency Response Performance
Energies
microgrid scheduling
frequency-constrained optimal dispatch
virtual inertia and damping dispatch
multi-objective optimization
distributionally robustness
title Frequency-Constrained Economic Dispatch of Microgrids Considering Frequency Response Performance
title_full Frequency-Constrained Economic Dispatch of Microgrids Considering Frequency Response Performance
title_fullStr Frequency-Constrained Economic Dispatch of Microgrids Considering Frequency Response Performance
title_full_unstemmed Frequency-Constrained Economic Dispatch of Microgrids Considering Frequency Response Performance
title_short Frequency-Constrained Economic Dispatch of Microgrids Considering Frequency Response Performance
title_sort frequency constrained economic dispatch of microgrids considering frequency response performance
topic microgrid scheduling
frequency-constrained optimal dispatch
virtual inertia and damping dispatch
multi-objective optimization
distributionally robustness
url https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/8/2014
work_keys_str_mv AT zhigangwu frequencyconstrainedeconomicdispatchofmicrogridsconsideringfrequencyresponseperformance
AT chuyuechen frequencyconstrainedeconomicdispatchofmicrogridsconsideringfrequencyresponseperformance
AT danyangxu frequencyconstrainedeconomicdispatchofmicrogridsconsideringfrequencyresponseperformance
AT linguan frequencyconstrainedeconomicdispatchofmicrogridsconsideringfrequencyresponseperformance