Toxic Effects of Sublethal Pyriproxyfen on Baseline Hemolymph Biochemical Balance in <i>Euschistus heros</i>
The sublethal toxic effects of pyriproxyfen, an insect juvenile hormone analog (JHA) insecticide, on the circulating metabolite balance in the Neotropical brown stink bug, <i>Euschistus heros</i>, one of the main agronomic pests in South America, were investigated. Our objectives were to...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2024-10-01
|
| Series: | Applied Sciences |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/14/20/9388 |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1850204740587094016 |
|---|---|
| author | Paulo S. G. Cremonez Janaína F. Matsumoto Avacir C. Andrello Daniela O. Pinheiro Pedro M. O. J. Neves |
| author_facet | Paulo S. G. Cremonez Janaína F. Matsumoto Avacir C. Andrello Daniela O. Pinheiro Pedro M. O. J. Neves |
| author_sort | Paulo S. G. Cremonez |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The sublethal toxic effects of pyriproxyfen, an insect juvenile hormone analog (JHA) insecticide, on the circulating metabolite balance in the Neotropical brown stink bug, <i>Euschistus heros</i>, one of the main agronomic pests in South America, were investigated. Our objectives were to evaluate changes in the baseline levels of lipids and carbohydrates, along with three selected micro-elements—nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), and zinc (Zn)—in the hemolymph of adult <i>E. heros</i>, following the application of a predetermined LC<sub>30</sub> of pyriproxyfen (single topical application) in fourth-instar nymphs (N4). Hemolymph was sampled using glass capillaries, with the resulting concentrations of lipids and carbohydrates determined through vanillin- and anthrone-positive reactions, respectively, and micro-element analysis was performed through total reflection X-ray fluorescence (TXRF) spectrometry. Lipids are the main and more stable energy metabolites for <i>E. heros</i>, with a proportion of 2:1 compared to carbohydrate levels. A remarkable sensitivity of carbohydrate levels to sublethal pyriproxyfen exposure, irrespective of sex, was observed. Baseline micro-element levels based on untreated control insects indicate sex-based differences in Ni and Zn, but not in Cu, concentrations. After insecticide exposure, the levels of these micro-elements were variable, with Ni and Zn generally decreasing and Cu decreasing in females but nearly doubling in males. The observed disproportion in lipids, carbohydrates, and inorganic micro-elements suggests potential physiological shifts triggered by pyriproxyfen activity in <i>E. heros</i> during late juvenile stages. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-fb4ae4c7cf6f4d07894df8a47a3e31c0 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2076-3417 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Applied Sciences |
| spelling | doaj-art-fb4ae4c7cf6f4d07894df8a47a3e31c02025-08-20T02:11:14ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172024-10-011420938810.3390/app14209388Toxic Effects of Sublethal Pyriproxyfen on Baseline Hemolymph Biochemical Balance in <i>Euschistus heros</i>Paulo S. G. Cremonez0Janaína F. Matsumoto1Avacir C. Andrello2Daniela O. Pinheiro3Pedro M. O. J. Neves4Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USAEntomology Laboratory, Department of Agronomy, State University of Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, PR, BrazilApplied Nuclear Physics Laboratory, Department of Physics, State University of Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, PR, BrazilInsect Laboratory, Department of Histology, State University of Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, PR, BrazilEntomology Laboratory, Department of Agronomy, State University of Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, PR, BrazilThe sublethal toxic effects of pyriproxyfen, an insect juvenile hormone analog (JHA) insecticide, on the circulating metabolite balance in the Neotropical brown stink bug, <i>Euschistus heros</i>, one of the main agronomic pests in South America, were investigated. Our objectives were to evaluate changes in the baseline levels of lipids and carbohydrates, along with three selected micro-elements—nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), and zinc (Zn)—in the hemolymph of adult <i>E. heros</i>, following the application of a predetermined LC<sub>30</sub> of pyriproxyfen (single topical application) in fourth-instar nymphs (N4). Hemolymph was sampled using glass capillaries, with the resulting concentrations of lipids and carbohydrates determined through vanillin- and anthrone-positive reactions, respectively, and micro-element analysis was performed through total reflection X-ray fluorescence (TXRF) spectrometry. Lipids are the main and more stable energy metabolites for <i>E. heros</i>, with a proportion of 2:1 compared to carbohydrate levels. A remarkable sensitivity of carbohydrate levels to sublethal pyriproxyfen exposure, irrespective of sex, was observed. Baseline micro-element levels based on untreated control insects indicate sex-based differences in Ni and Zn, but not in Cu, concentrations. After insecticide exposure, the levels of these micro-elements were variable, with Ni and Zn generally decreasing and Cu decreasing in females but nearly doubling in males. The observed disproportion in lipids, carbohydrates, and inorganic micro-elements suggests potential physiological shifts triggered by pyriproxyfen activity in <i>E. heros</i> during late juvenile stages.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/14/20/9388metabolitesmetalloenzymes<i>Euschistus heros</i>juvenile hormone analogTXRF—total reflection X-ray fluorescence |
| spellingShingle | Paulo S. G. Cremonez Janaína F. Matsumoto Avacir C. Andrello Daniela O. Pinheiro Pedro M. O. J. Neves Toxic Effects of Sublethal Pyriproxyfen on Baseline Hemolymph Biochemical Balance in <i>Euschistus heros</i> Applied Sciences metabolites metalloenzymes <i>Euschistus heros</i> juvenile hormone analog TXRF—total reflection X-ray fluorescence |
| title | Toxic Effects of Sublethal Pyriproxyfen on Baseline Hemolymph Biochemical Balance in <i>Euschistus heros</i> |
| title_full | Toxic Effects of Sublethal Pyriproxyfen on Baseline Hemolymph Biochemical Balance in <i>Euschistus heros</i> |
| title_fullStr | Toxic Effects of Sublethal Pyriproxyfen on Baseline Hemolymph Biochemical Balance in <i>Euschistus heros</i> |
| title_full_unstemmed | Toxic Effects of Sublethal Pyriproxyfen on Baseline Hemolymph Biochemical Balance in <i>Euschistus heros</i> |
| title_short | Toxic Effects of Sublethal Pyriproxyfen on Baseline Hemolymph Biochemical Balance in <i>Euschistus heros</i> |
| title_sort | toxic effects of sublethal pyriproxyfen on baseline hemolymph biochemical balance in i euschistus heros i |
| topic | metabolites metalloenzymes <i>Euschistus heros</i> juvenile hormone analog TXRF—total reflection X-ray fluorescence |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/14/20/9388 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT paulosgcremonez toxiceffectsofsublethalpyriproxyfenonbaselinehemolymphbiochemicalbalanceinieuschistusherosi AT janainafmatsumoto toxiceffectsofsublethalpyriproxyfenonbaselinehemolymphbiochemicalbalanceinieuschistusherosi AT avacircandrello toxiceffectsofsublethalpyriproxyfenonbaselinehemolymphbiochemicalbalanceinieuschistusherosi AT danielaopinheiro toxiceffectsofsublethalpyriproxyfenonbaselinehemolymphbiochemicalbalanceinieuschistusherosi AT pedromojneves toxiceffectsofsublethalpyriproxyfenonbaselinehemolymphbiochemicalbalanceinieuschistusherosi |