Consequences of Micro- and Macronutrient Deficiencies on Physiological and Growth Metrics in Hydroponic ‘Thompson Seedless’ Grapevines

(1) Background: Mineral nutrient deficiencies are a major constraint on grapevine growth and productivity, yet the clear identification of deficiency symptoms and their physiological impacts remains challenging. (2) Methods: In this study, ‘Thompson Seedless’ grapevines were grown hydroponically und...

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Main Authors: Maoxiang Zhao, Jianjun He, Jiebu Suolang, Luyao Liu, Faisal Hayat, Shipping Wang, Hafiz Umer Javed, Lei Wang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-05-01
Series:Horticulturae
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2311-7524/11/5/543
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author Maoxiang Zhao
Jianjun He
Jiebu Suolang
Luyao Liu
Faisal Hayat
Shipping Wang
Hafiz Umer Javed
Lei Wang
author_facet Maoxiang Zhao
Jianjun He
Jiebu Suolang
Luyao Liu
Faisal Hayat
Shipping Wang
Hafiz Umer Javed
Lei Wang
author_sort Maoxiang Zhao
collection DOAJ
description (1) Background: Mineral nutrient deficiencies are a major constraint on grapevine growth and productivity, yet the clear identification of deficiency symptoms and their physiological impacts remains challenging. (2) Methods: In this study, ‘Thompson Seedless’ grapevines were grown hydroponically under the controlled omission of ten essential nutrients (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, B, Zn, Cu) to assess their impact on growth, leaf morphology, chlorophyll content, photosynthesis, respiration, and tissue nutrient concentrations. (3) Results: Deficiencies in N, P, K, Mn, and B caused distinct leaf symptoms: nitrogen (N) deficiency led to pale leaves with bluish-green veins, phosphorus (P) deficiency caused yellowing in apical leaves followed by interveinal chlorosis, and potassium (K) deficiency induced pale yellow discoloration, curling, and rotting of the leaves. Manganese (Mn) and boron (B) deficiencies showed symptoms such as irregular leaf shapes and brittle, glossy leaves, respectively. These deficiencies resulted in reduced dry matter accumulation, decreased shoot length, and lower chlorophyll content. In contrast, iron (Fe) and copper (Cu) deficiencies had minimal effects, closely resembling those of the control conditions with only slight growth suppression. Notably, N, B, and Mg deficiencies led to significant reductions in Cu, Mg, B, and N levels, particularly evident through distinct symptoms in newly formed leaves. (4) Conclusions: Deficiencies in N, P, K, Mg, and B significantly affect grapevine growth, physiological processes, and nutritional quality. These findings emphasize the importance of maintaining balanced mineral nutrition for optimal grapevine health and productivity.
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spelling doaj-art-fb43ac38375446b08102c6a5886d1e1d2025-08-20T03:14:35ZengMDPI AGHorticulturae2311-75242025-05-0111554310.3390/horticulturae11050543Consequences of Micro- and Macronutrient Deficiencies on Physiological and Growth Metrics in Hydroponic ‘Thompson Seedless’ GrapevinesMaoxiang Zhao0Jianjun He1Jiebu Suolang2Luyao Liu3Faisal Hayat4Shipping Wang5Hafiz Umer Javed6Lei Wang7College of Landscape and Horticulture, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650500, ChinaDepartment of Plant Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, ChinaDepartment of Plant Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, ChinaDepartment of Plant Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, ChinaIntegrative Agriculture, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab EmiratesDepartment of Plant Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, ChinaDepartment of Plant Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, ChinaDepartment of Plant Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China(1) Background: Mineral nutrient deficiencies are a major constraint on grapevine growth and productivity, yet the clear identification of deficiency symptoms and their physiological impacts remains challenging. (2) Methods: In this study, ‘Thompson Seedless’ grapevines were grown hydroponically under the controlled omission of ten essential nutrients (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, B, Zn, Cu) to assess their impact on growth, leaf morphology, chlorophyll content, photosynthesis, respiration, and tissue nutrient concentrations. (3) Results: Deficiencies in N, P, K, Mn, and B caused distinct leaf symptoms: nitrogen (N) deficiency led to pale leaves with bluish-green veins, phosphorus (P) deficiency caused yellowing in apical leaves followed by interveinal chlorosis, and potassium (K) deficiency induced pale yellow discoloration, curling, and rotting of the leaves. Manganese (Mn) and boron (B) deficiencies showed symptoms such as irregular leaf shapes and brittle, glossy leaves, respectively. These deficiencies resulted in reduced dry matter accumulation, decreased shoot length, and lower chlorophyll content. In contrast, iron (Fe) and copper (Cu) deficiencies had minimal effects, closely resembling those of the control conditions with only slight growth suppression. Notably, N, B, and Mg deficiencies led to significant reductions in Cu, Mg, B, and N levels, particularly evident through distinct symptoms in newly formed leaves. (4) Conclusions: Deficiencies in N, P, K, Mg, and B significantly affect grapevine growth, physiological processes, and nutritional quality. These findings emphasize the importance of maintaining balanced mineral nutrition for optimal grapevine health and productivity.https://www.mdpi.com/2311-7524/11/5/543nutritional deficiencyphotosynthesisdry matternutritional qualitygrape
spellingShingle Maoxiang Zhao
Jianjun He
Jiebu Suolang
Luyao Liu
Faisal Hayat
Shipping Wang
Hafiz Umer Javed
Lei Wang
Consequences of Micro- and Macronutrient Deficiencies on Physiological and Growth Metrics in Hydroponic ‘Thompson Seedless’ Grapevines
Horticulturae
nutritional deficiency
photosynthesis
dry matter
nutritional quality
grape
title Consequences of Micro- and Macronutrient Deficiencies on Physiological and Growth Metrics in Hydroponic ‘Thompson Seedless’ Grapevines
title_full Consequences of Micro- and Macronutrient Deficiencies on Physiological and Growth Metrics in Hydroponic ‘Thompson Seedless’ Grapevines
title_fullStr Consequences of Micro- and Macronutrient Deficiencies on Physiological and Growth Metrics in Hydroponic ‘Thompson Seedless’ Grapevines
title_full_unstemmed Consequences of Micro- and Macronutrient Deficiencies on Physiological and Growth Metrics in Hydroponic ‘Thompson Seedless’ Grapevines
title_short Consequences of Micro- and Macronutrient Deficiencies on Physiological and Growth Metrics in Hydroponic ‘Thompson Seedless’ Grapevines
title_sort consequences of micro and macronutrient deficiencies on physiological and growth metrics in hydroponic thompson seedless grapevines
topic nutritional deficiency
photosynthesis
dry matter
nutritional quality
grape
url https://www.mdpi.com/2311-7524/11/5/543
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