Performance, thermodynamic modelling, and global warming potential of low sodium-activated artificial granulated slag substituted with quartz and limestone fillers
Commercialization of alkali-activated slag faces, among others, two major hurdles: limited availability of blast-furnace slag and the high cost of alkaline activators. Furthermore, the corrosive nature of the alkaline solution, the energy-intensive production, and the resulting CO2 emissions signifi...
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2025-02-01
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| Series: | Cleaner Engineering and Technology |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666790824001411 |
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| author | Hamdy A. Abdel-Gawwad Tamino Hirsch Raoul Mancke Rafia Firdous Christian Lehmann Anja Buchwald Dietmar Stephan |
| author_facet | Hamdy A. Abdel-Gawwad Tamino Hirsch Raoul Mancke Rafia Firdous Christian Lehmann Anja Buchwald Dietmar Stephan |
| author_sort | Hamdy A. Abdel-Gawwad |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Commercialization of alkali-activated slag faces, among others, two major hurdles: limited availability of blast-furnace slag and the high cost of alkaline activators. Furthermore, the corrosive nature of the alkaline solution, the energy-intensive production, and the resulting CO2 emissions significantly impede widespread adoption. This research presents a novel approach to overcome these challenges and pave the way for commercially viable alkali-activated binders. We propose utilizing highly reactive artificial granulated slag (AS) synthesized from the treatment of slag generated during ferrochrome alloy production. This AS serves as the primary reactive precursor within the alkali-activated system. Activation of AS with a low Na2O concentration (3 wt%) yields a hardened material boasting a remarkable 90 d compressive strength of approx. 105 MPa. Capitalizing on the exceptional reactivity of AS, we explored its partial replacement with readily available and cost-effective quartz and limestone powders. Despite the lower reactivity of these fillers compared to AS, the resulting hardened materials containing 50 vol% filler still achieve an impressive 90 d compressive strength of 75 MPa, even with a low Na2O content of 2 wt%. Phase composition determined via thermodynamic modelling closely aligns with microanalyses and the observed compressive strength. Life cycle assessment (LCA) conclusively demonstrates that the synergistic combination of highly reactive AS, fillers, and low Na2O concentration offers a promising route for producing alkali-activated binders with significantly lower energy demand and CO2–eqv emissions (up to 67% reduction). |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-fb3e8d3e067a447395a09776c4ba63b4 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2666-7908 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-02-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Cleaner Engineering and Technology |
| spelling | doaj-art-fb3e8d3e067a447395a09776c4ba63b42025-08-20T02:52:23ZengElsevierCleaner Engineering and Technology2666-79082025-02-012410086110.1016/j.clet.2024.100861Performance, thermodynamic modelling, and global warming potential of low sodium-activated artificial granulated slag substituted with quartz and limestone fillersHamdy A. Abdel-Gawwad0Tamino Hirsch1Raoul Mancke2Rafia Firdous3Christian Lehmann4Anja Buchwald5Dietmar Stephan6Department of Civil Engineering, Building Materials and Construction Chemistry, Technische Universität Berlin, Gustav-Meyer-Allee 25, 13355, Berlin, Germany; Raw Building Materials and Processing Technology Research Institute, Housing and Building National Research Center (HBRC), El-Behooth St. 87, 11511, Cairo, Egypt; Corresponding author. Department of Civil Engineering, Building Materials and Construction Chemistry, Technische Universität Berlin, Gustav-Meyer-Allee 25, 13355, Berlin, Germany.Department of Civil Engineering, Building Materials and Construction Chemistry, Technische Universität Berlin, Gustav-Meyer-Allee 25, 13355, Berlin, GermanyDepartment of Civil Engineering, Building Materials and Construction Chemistry, Technische Universität Berlin, Gustav-Meyer-Allee 25, 13355, Berlin, GermanyDepartment of Civil Engineering, Building Materials and Construction Chemistry, Technische Universität Berlin, Gustav-Meyer-Allee 25, 13355, Berlin, GermanyDepartment of Civil Engineering, Building Materials and Construction Chemistry, Technische Universität Berlin, Gustav-Meyer-Allee 25, 13355, Berlin, GermanyASCEM B.V., Schaarweg 4 6991 GV Rheden, Postbus 11, 6669, ZG, Dodewaard, NetherlandsDepartment of Civil Engineering, Building Materials and Construction Chemistry, Technische Universität Berlin, Gustav-Meyer-Allee 25, 13355, Berlin, GermanyCommercialization of alkali-activated slag faces, among others, two major hurdles: limited availability of blast-furnace slag and the high cost of alkaline activators. Furthermore, the corrosive nature of the alkaline solution, the energy-intensive production, and the resulting CO2 emissions significantly impede widespread adoption. This research presents a novel approach to overcome these challenges and pave the way for commercially viable alkali-activated binders. We propose utilizing highly reactive artificial granulated slag (AS) synthesized from the treatment of slag generated during ferrochrome alloy production. This AS serves as the primary reactive precursor within the alkali-activated system. Activation of AS with a low Na2O concentration (3 wt%) yields a hardened material boasting a remarkable 90 d compressive strength of approx. 105 MPa. Capitalizing on the exceptional reactivity of AS, we explored its partial replacement with readily available and cost-effective quartz and limestone powders. Despite the lower reactivity of these fillers compared to AS, the resulting hardened materials containing 50 vol% filler still achieve an impressive 90 d compressive strength of 75 MPa, even with a low Na2O content of 2 wt%. Phase composition determined via thermodynamic modelling closely aligns with microanalyses and the observed compressive strength. Life cycle assessment (LCA) conclusively demonstrates that the synergistic combination of highly reactive AS, fillers, and low Na2O concentration offers a promising route for producing alkali-activated binders with significantly lower energy demand and CO2–eqv emissions (up to 67% reduction).http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666790824001411CO2 emissionsActivation productsHeat of hydrationCommercial viabilityCompressive strengthMicrostructure |
| spellingShingle | Hamdy A. Abdel-Gawwad Tamino Hirsch Raoul Mancke Rafia Firdous Christian Lehmann Anja Buchwald Dietmar Stephan Performance, thermodynamic modelling, and global warming potential of low sodium-activated artificial granulated slag substituted with quartz and limestone fillers Cleaner Engineering and Technology CO2 emissions Activation products Heat of hydration Commercial viability Compressive strength Microstructure |
| title | Performance, thermodynamic modelling, and global warming potential of low sodium-activated artificial granulated slag substituted with quartz and limestone fillers |
| title_full | Performance, thermodynamic modelling, and global warming potential of low sodium-activated artificial granulated slag substituted with quartz and limestone fillers |
| title_fullStr | Performance, thermodynamic modelling, and global warming potential of low sodium-activated artificial granulated slag substituted with quartz and limestone fillers |
| title_full_unstemmed | Performance, thermodynamic modelling, and global warming potential of low sodium-activated artificial granulated slag substituted with quartz and limestone fillers |
| title_short | Performance, thermodynamic modelling, and global warming potential of low sodium-activated artificial granulated slag substituted with quartz and limestone fillers |
| title_sort | performance thermodynamic modelling and global warming potential of low sodium activated artificial granulated slag substituted with quartz and limestone fillers |
| topic | CO2 emissions Activation products Heat of hydration Commercial viability Compressive strength Microstructure |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666790824001411 |
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