Elevated plasma soluble lectin-like oxidised low-density lipoprotein receptor 1 as an independent prognostic biomarker in sepsis

Abstract Background Soluble lectin-like oxidised low-density lipoprotein receptor 1 (sLOX-1) is overproduced during inflammation, with its expression and release triggered by C-reactive protein (CRP). As CRP levels are typically elevated in sepsis, this study aimed to investigate whether sLOX-1 leve...

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Main Authors: Patricia Mester, Charlotte Birner, Stephan Schmid, Martina Müller, Vlad Pavel, Christa Buechler
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-02-01
Series:Lipids in Health and Disease
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12944-025-02462-4
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author Patricia Mester
Charlotte Birner
Stephan Schmid
Martina Müller
Vlad Pavel
Christa Buechler
author_facet Patricia Mester
Charlotte Birner
Stephan Schmid
Martina Müller
Vlad Pavel
Christa Buechler
author_sort Patricia Mester
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background Soluble lectin-like oxidised low-density lipoprotein receptor 1 (sLOX-1) is overproduced during inflammation, with its expression and release triggered by C-reactive protein (CRP). As CRP levels are typically elevated in sepsis, this study aimed to investigate whether sLOX-1 levels increase in parallel. Methods Plasma sLOX-1 levels of 52 patients with systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), 45 patients with sepsis, 88 patients with septic shock and 37 controls were measured by ELISA. Associations with CRP, underlying diseases, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and bacterial infections were analysed. Results Plasma sLOX-1 levels were similarly elevated in patients with SIRS, sepsis, or septic shock compared to controls. Plasma sLOX-1 levels did not differ between male and female controls or patients. Plasma sLOX-1 levels were comparable in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2, Gram-negative bacteria, or Gram-positive bacteria. No association was observed between sLOX-1 levels and underlying liver cirrhosis or pancreatitis. Notably, plasma sLOX-1 levels correlated positively with leukocyte and basophil counts but showed no correlation with CRP or procalcitonin. Of clinical relevance, positive correlations were also found with aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and bilirubin levels. Among the 41 patients who did not survive, sLOX-1, AST, and bilirubin levels were significantly higher compared to those of survivors. Conclusions Plasma levels of sLOX-1 are elevated in patients with SIRS or sepsis and are significantly higher in non-survivors. Of note, they do not correlate with classical inflammatory markers, suggesting that sLOX-1 may function as an independent prognostic biomarker for predicting poor outcomes in patients with SIRS or sepsis.
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spelling doaj-art-fb37d6e326b641b094230b51efe4fc9b2025-08-20T02:13:20ZengBMCLipids in Health and Disease1476-511X2025-02-012411910.1186/s12944-025-02462-4Elevated plasma soluble lectin-like oxidised low-density lipoprotein receptor 1 as an independent prognostic biomarker in sepsisPatricia Mester0Charlotte Birner1Stephan Schmid2Martina Müller3Vlad Pavel4Christa Buechler5Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology, Rheumatology, and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital RegensburgDepartment of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology, Rheumatology, and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital RegensburgDepartment of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology, Rheumatology, and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital RegensburgDepartment of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology, Rheumatology, and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital RegensburgDepartment of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology, Rheumatology, and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital RegensburgDepartment of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology, Rheumatology, and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital RegensburgAbstract Background Soluble lectin-like oxidised low-density lipoprotein receptor 1 (sLOX-1) is overproduced during inflammation, with its expression and release triggered by C-reactive protein (CRP). As CRP levels are typically elevated in sepsis, this study aimed to investigate whether sLOX-1 levels increase in parallel. Methods Plasma sLOX-1 levels of 52 patients with systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), 45 patients with sepsis, 88 patients with septic shock and 37 controls were measured by ELISA. Associations with CRP, underlying diseases, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and bacterial infections were analysed. Results Plasma sLOX-1 levels were similarly elevated in patients with SIRS, sepsis, or septic shock compared to controls. Plasma sLOX-1 levels did not differ between male and female controls or patients. Plasma sLOX-1 levels were comparable in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2, Gram-negative bacteria, or Gram-positive bacteria. No association was observed between sLOX-1 levels and underlying liver cirrhosis or pancreatitis. Notably, plasma sLOX-1 levels correlated positively with leukocyte and basophil counts but showed no correlation with CRP or procalcitonin. Of clinical relevance, positive correlations were also found with aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and bilirubin levels. Among the 41 patients who did not survive, sLOX-1, AST, and bilirubin levels were significantly higher compared to those of survivors. Conclusions Plasma levels of sLOX-1 are elevated in patients with SIRS or sepsis and are significantly higher in non-survivors. Of note, they do not correlate with classical inflammatory markers, suggesting that sLOX-1 may function as an independent prognostic biomarker for predicting poor outcomes in patients with SIRS or sepsis.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12944-025-02462-4SepsisSoluble LOX-1SurvivalC-reactive proteinAminotransferaseBilirubin
spellingShingle Patricia Mester
Charlotte Birner
Stephan Schmid
Martina Müller
Vlad Pavel
Christa Buechler
Elevated plasma soluble lectin-like oxidised low-density lipoprotein receptor 1 as an independent prognostic biomarker in sepsis
Lipids in Health and Disease
Sepsis
Soluble LOX-1
Survival
C-reactive protein
Aminotransferase
Bilirubin
title Elevated plasma soluble lectin-like oxidised low-density lipoprotein receptor 1 as an independent prognostic biomarker in sepsis
title_full Elevated plasma soluble lectin-like oxidised low-density lipoprotein receptor 1 as an independent prognostic biomarker in sepsis
title_fullStr Elevated plasma soluble lectin-like oxidised low-density lipoprotein receptor 1 as an independent prognostic biomarker in sepsis
title_full_unstemmed Elevated plasma soluble lectin-like oxidised low-density lipoprotein receptor 1 as an independent prognostic biomarker in sepsis
title_short Elevated plasma soluble lectin-like oxidised low-density lipoprotein receptor 1 as an independent prognostic biomarker in sepsis
title_sort elevated plasma soluble lectin like oxidised low density lipoprotein receptor 1 as an independent prognostic biomarker in sepsis
topic Sepsis
Soluble LOX-1
Survival
C-reactive protein
Aminotransferase
Bilirubin
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12944-025-02462-4
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