allograft inflammatory factor 1 functions as a pro-inflammatory cytokine in the oyster, Crassostrea ariakensis.
The oyster Crassostrea ariakensis is an economically important bivalve species in China, unfortunately it has suffered severe mortalities in recent years caused by rickettsia-like organism (RLO) infection. Prevention and control of this disease is a priority for the development of oyster aquaculture...
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Public Library of Science (PLoS)
2014-01-01
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| Series: | PLoS ONE |
| Online Access: | https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0095859&type=printable |
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| author | Ting Xu Jiasong Xie Baojian Zhu Xiao Liu Xinzhong Wu |
| author_facet | Ting Xu Jiasong Xie Baojian Zhu Xiao Liu Xinzhong Wu |
| author_sort | Ting Xu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The oyster Crassostrea ariakensis is an economically important bivalve species in China, unfortunately it has suffered severe mortalities in recent years caused by rickettsia-like organism (RLO) infection. Prevention and control of this disease is a priority for the development of oyster aquaculture. Allograft inflammatory factor-1 (AIF-1) was identified as a modulator of the immune response during macrophage activation and a key gene in host immune defense reaction and inflammatory response. Therefore we investigated the functions of C. ariakensis AIF-1 (Ca-AIF1) and its antibody (anti-CaAIF1) in oyster RLO/LPS-induced disease and inflammation. Ca-AIF1 encodes a 149 amino acid protein containing two typical Ca2+ binding EF-hand motifs and shares a 48-95% amino acid sequence identity with other animal AIF-1s. Tissue-specific expression analysis indicates that Ca-AIF1 is highly expressed in hemocytes. Significant and continuous up-regulation of Ca-AIF1 is detected when hemocytes are stimulated with RLO/LPS (RLO or LPS). Treatment with recombinant Ca-AIF1 protein significantly up-regulates the expression levels of LITAF, MyD88 and TGFβ. When anti-CaAIF1 antibody is added to RLO/LPS-challenged hemocyte monolayers, a significant reduction of RLO/LPS-induced LITAF is observed at 1.5-12 h after treatment, suggesting that interference with Ca-AIF1 can suppress the inflammatory response. Furthermore, flow cytometric analysis indicated that anti-CaAIF1 administration reduces RLO/LPS-induced apoptosis and necrosis rates of hemocytes. Collectively these findings suggest that Ca-AIF1 functions as a pro-inflammatory cytokine in the oyster immune response and is a potential target for controlling RLO infection and LPS-induced inflammation. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-fb33cae9315a43989f0c3df5a18225ba |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 1932-6203 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2014-01-01 |
| publisher | Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
| record_format | Article |
| series | PLoS ONE |
| spelling | doaj-art-fb33cae9315a43989f0c3df5a18225ba2025-08-20T03:00:34ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLoS ONE1932-62032014-01-0194e9585910.1371/journal.pone.0095859allograft inflammatory factor 1 functions as a pro-inflammatory cytokine in the oyster, Crassostrea ariakensis.Ting XuJiasong XieBaojian ZhuXiao LiuXinzhong WuThe oyster Crassostrea ariakensis is an economically important bivalve species in China, unfortunately it has suffered severe mortalities in recent years caused by rickettsia-like organism (RLO) infection. Prevention and control of this disease is a priority for the development of oyster aquaculture. Allograft inflammatory factor-1 (AIF-1) was identified as a modulator of the immune response during macrophage activation and a key gene in host immune defense reaction and inflammatory response. Therefore we investigated the functions of C. ariakensis AIF-1 (Ca-AIF1) and its antibody (anti-CaAIF1) in oyster RLO/LPS-induced disease and inflammation. Ca-AIF1 encodes a 149 amino acid protein containing two typical Ca2+ binding EF-hand motifs and shares a 48-95% amino acid sequence identity with other animal AIF-1s. Tissue-specific expression analysis indicates that Ca-AIF1 is highly expressed in hemocytes. Significant and continuous up-regulation of Ca-AIF1 is detected when hemocytes are stimulated with RLO/LPS (RLO or LPS). Treatment with recombinant Ca-AIF1 protein significantly up-regulates the expression levels of LITAF, MyD88 and TGFβ. When anti-CaAIF1 antibody is added to RLO/LPS-challenged hemocyte monolayers, a significant reduction of RLO/LPS-induced LITAF is observed at 1.5-12 h after treatment, suggesting that interference with Ca-AIF1 can suppress the inflammatory response. Furthermore, flow cytometric analysis indicated that anti-CaAIF1 administration reduces RLO/LPS-induced apoptosis and necrosis rates of hemocytes. Collectively these findings suggest that Ca-AIF1 functions as a pro-inflammatory cytokine in the oyster immune response and is a potential target for controlling RLO infection and LPS-induced inflammation.https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0095859&type=printable |
| spellingShingle | Ting Xu Jiasong Xie Baojian Zhu Xiao Liu Xinzhong Wu allograft inflammatory factor 1 functions as a pro-inflammatory cytokine in the oyster, Crassostrea ariakensis. PLoS ONE |
| title | allograft inflammatory factor 1 functions as a pro-inflammatory cytokine in the oyster, Crassostrea ariakensis. |
| title_full | allograft inflammatory factor 1 functions as a pro-inflammatory cytokine in the oyster, Crassostrea ariakensis. |
| title_fullStr | allograft inflammatory factor 1 functions as a pro-inflammatory cytokine in the oyster, Crassostrea ariakensis. |
| title_full_unstemmed | allograft inflammatory factor 1 functions as a pro-inflammatory cytokine in the oyster, Crassostrea ariakensis. |
| title_short | allograft inflammatory factor 1 functions as a pro-inflammatory cytokine in the oyster, Crassostrea ariakensis. |
| title_sort | allograft inflammatory factor 1 functions as a pro inflammatory cytokine in the oyster crassostrea ariakensis |
| url | https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0095859&type=printable |
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