An African Art Re-Discovered: New Revelations on Sword Manufacture in Dahomey

Antique swords from the pre-colonial West African kingdom of Dahomey are aesthetically unique, but they also have many design features inspired by swords from Europe, the Islamic world and elsewhere. As the kingdom was famous for importing luxury European objects, this study aimed to pinpoint eviden...

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Main Authors: Ron Lawrence Anderson, Filomena Salvemini, Maxim Avdeev, Vladimir Luzin
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-02-01
Series:Heritage
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2571-9408/8/2/62
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author Ron Lawrence Anderson
Filomena Salvemini
Maxim Avdeev
Vladimir Luzin
author_facet Ron Lawrence Anderson
Filomena Salvemini
Maxim Avdeev
Vladimir Luzin
author_sort Ron Lawrence Anderson
collection DOAJ
description Antique swords from the pre-colonial West African kingdom of Dahomey are aesthetically unique, but they also have many design features inspired by swords from Europe, the Islamic world and elsewhere. As the kingdom was famous for importing luxury European objects, this study aimed to pinpoint evidence of Dahomean sword composition and manufacture to determine scientifically whether they were being made in Dahomey, or imported. An inter-disciplinary team made up of historical archaeologists and neutron scientists examined six 19th century Dahomean swords, using a non-invasive multi-methodological approach based on neutron tomography, powder diffraction full pattern analysis and diffraction residual stress measurements. The findings suggest that, despite their foreign design influences, not only were these striking heritage objects made in Africa, they may also have been likely made from locally smelted iron–something that contradicts the assumptions of the few existing historical reports. This has important implications for studies on the kingdom, and also helps to further the long-standing debate surrounding European iron imports—not just within Dahomey, but throughout the wider West African region.
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spelling doaj-art-fb28ef011dce4f189a8fefc4681c18012025-08-20T03:12:02ZengMDPI AGHeritage2571-94082025-02-01826210.3390/heritage8020062An African Art Re-Discovered: New Revelations on Sword Manufacture in DahomeyRon Lawrence Anderson0Filomena Salvemini1Maxim Avdeev2Vladimir Luzin3Archaeology Department, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2050, AustraliaAustralian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO), Lucas Heights, Sydney, NSW 2234, AustraliaAustralian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO), Lucas Heights, Sydney, NSW 2234, AustraliaAustralian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO), Lucas Heights, Sydney, NSW 2234, AustraliaAntique swords from the pre-colonial West African kingdom of Dahomey are aesthetically unique, but they also have many design features inspired by swords from Europe, the Islamic world and elsewhere. As the kingdom was famous for importing luxury European objects, this study aimed to pinpoint evidence of Dahomean sword composition and manufacture to determine scientifically whether they were being made in Dahomey, or imported. An inter-disciplinary team made up of historical archaeologists and neutron scientists examined six 19th century Dahomean swords, using a non-invasive multi-methodological approach based on neutron tomography, powder diffraction full pattern analysis and diffraction residual stress measurements. The findings suggest that, despite their foreign design influences, not only were these striking heritage objects made in Africa, they may also have been likely made from locally smelted iron–something that contradicts the assumptions of the few existing historical reports. This has important implications for studies on the kingdom, and also helps to further the long-standing debate surrounding European iron imports—not just within Dahomey, but throughout the wider West African region.https://www.mdpi.com/2571-9408/8/2/62Dahomeynon-invasive analysisneutron diffractionneutron imagingarchaeometallurgyAfrican swords
spellingShingle Ron Lawrence Anderson
Filomena Salvemini
Maxim Avdeev
Vladimir Luzin
An African Art Re-Discovered: New Revelations on Sword Manufacture in Dahomey
Heritage
Dahomey
non-invasive analysis
neutron diffraction
neutron imaging
archaeometallurgy
African swords
title An African Art Re-Discovered: New Revelations on Sword Manufacture in Dahomey
title_full An African Art Re-Discovered: New Revelations on Sword Manufacture in Dahomey
title_fullStr An African Art Re-Discovered: New Revelations on Sword Manufacture in Dahomey
title_full_unstemmed An African Art Re-Discovered: New Revelations on Sword Manufacture in Dahomey
title_short An African Art Re-Discovered: New Revelations on Sword Manufacture in Dahomey
title_sort african art re discovered new revelations on sword manufacture in dahomey
topic Dahomey
non-invasive analysis
neutron diffraction
neutron imaging
archaeometallurgy
African swords
url https://www.mdpi.com/2571-9408/8/2/62
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