Comparative analyses of symptoms, severity, and breakthrough infections in vaccinated and unvaccinated individuals during three waves of COVID-19 in India
BackgroundIndia witnessed three COVID-19 pandemic waves, each with various degrees of severity and clinical signs. The coronavirus strain and immunization status have a significant impact on the severity of COVID-19 infections. The current study intends to evaluate and compare the symptoms, severity...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2024-12-01
|
| Series: | Acta Virologica |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.frontierspartnerships.org/articles/10.3389/av.2024.13536/full |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1850137591341383680 |
|---|---|
| author | Priya Bhardwaj Sunita Jetly Sunita Yadav Rahul Kaushik Rahul Kaushik Kumar Naidu Daman Saluja Jyoti Taneja |
| author_facet | Priya Bhardwaj Sunita Jetly Sunita Yadav Rahul Kaushik Rahul Kaushik Kumar Naidu Daman Saluja Jyoti Taneja |
| author_sort | Priya Bhardwaj |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | BackgroundIndia witnessed three COVID-19 pandemic waves, each with various degrees of severity and clinical signs. The coronavirus strain and immunization status have a significant impact on the severity of COVID-19 infections. The current study intends to evaluate and compare the symptoms, severity, and breakthrough infections in vaccinated and unvaccinated individuals over the three waves of the pandemic.MethodsThis was a retrospective survey study. A Google based questionnaire was used to collect data on demographics, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection status, re-infections, associated symptoms, severity, and vaccination status over three waves, post-COVID-19 sequelae, and willingness to receive a COVID-19 booster dose in the Indian population. The replies of 3,404 Indian participants were analysed using STATA 11.ResultsEach wave showed a decrease in the number of symptomatic COVID-19 infections. However, fever and loss of smell/taste were identified as the most common symptoms in each wave. Clinical symptoms such as fever, weariness, and shortness of breath were shown to be considerably higher in vaccinated than unvaccinated individuals. The number of SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infections increased between the second and third waves. Approximately 36.5% of people with protracted COVID-19 had previously received immunization after recovering from a natural COVID-19 illness. Overall, 34.8% of individuals were hesitant to take the COVID-19 booster dose.ConclusionIncreased symptoms in vaccinated individuals during the second wave, emphasizing the potential role of antibody-dependent augmentation. A considerable fraction (36.5%) of those with protracted COVID-19 infections had previously received vaccination after contracting the virus naturally. The fact that vaccine received after COVID-19 infection has been shown to be a risk factor for long-term COVID-19 emphasizes the need for vigilance in this specific subgroup. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-fb28d60981ac436d84e1650dedebe709 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 1336-2305 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-12-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Acta Virologica |
| spelling | doaj-art-fb28d60981ac436d84e1650dedebe7092025-08-20T02:30:48ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Acta Virologica1336-23052024-12-016810.3389/av.2024.1353613536Comparative analyses of symptoms, severity, and breakthrough infections in vaccinated and unvaccinated individuals during three waves of COVID-19 in IndiaPriya Bhardwaj0Sunita Jetly1Sunita Yadav2Rahul Kaushik3Rahul Kaushik4Kumar Naidu5Daman Saluja6Jyoti Taneja7Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, IndiaAcharya Narendra Dev College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, IndiaDepartment of Zoology, Daulat Ram College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, IndiaLaboratory for Structural Bioinformatics, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Saitama, Kanagawa, JapanBiotechnology Research Center, Technology Innovation Institute (TII), Abu Dhabi, United Arab EmiratesIpca Laboratories (India), Mumbai, Maharashtra, IndiaDr. B.R. Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi, New Delhi, Delhi, IndiaDepartment of Zoology, Daulat Ram College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, IndiaBackgroundIndia witnessed three COVID-19 pandemic waves, each with various degrees of severity and clinical signs. The coronavirus strain and immunization status have a significant impact on the severity of COVID-19 infections. The current study intends to evaluate and compare the symptoms, severity, and breakthrough infections in vaccinated and unvaccinated individuals over the three waves of the pandemic.MethodsThis was a retrospective survey study. A Google based questionnaire was used to collect data on demographics, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection status, re-infections, associated symptoms, severity, and vaccination status over three waves, post-COVID-19 sequelae, and willingness to receive a COVID-19 booster dose in the Indian population. The replies of 3,404 Indian participants were analysed using STATA 11.ResultsEach wave showed a decrease in the number of symptomatic COVID-19 infections. However, fever and loss of smell/taste were identified as the most common symptoms in each wave. Clinical symptoms such as fever, weariness, and shortness of breath were shown to be considerably higher in vaccinated than unvaccinated individuals. The number of SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infections increased between the second and third waves. Approximately 36.5% of people with protracted COVID-19 had previously received immunization after recovering from a natural COVID-19 illness. Overall, 34.8% of individuals were hesitant to take the COVID-19 booster dose.ConclusionIncreased symptoms in vaccinated individuals during the second wave, emphasizing the potential role of antibody-dependent augmentation. A considerable fraction (36.5%) of those with protracted COVID-19 infections had previously received vaccination after contracting the virus naturally. The fact that vaccine received after COVID-19 infection has been shown to be a risk factor for long-term COVID-19 emphasizes the need for vigilance in this specific subgroup.https://www.frontierspartnerships.org/articles/10.3389/av.2024.13536/fullbreakthrough infectionsCOVID-19infection severityvaccinationCOVID-19 symptoms |
| spellingShingle | Priya Bhardwaj Sunita Jetly Sunita Yadav Rahul Kaushik Rahul Kaushik Kumar Naidu Daman Saluja Jyoti Taneja Comparative analyses of symptoms, severity, and breakthrough infections in vaccinated and unvaccinated individuals during three waves of COVID-19 in India Acta Virologica breakthrough infections COVID-19 infection severity vaccination COVID-19 symptoms |
| title | Comparative analyses of symptoms, severity, and breakthrough infections in vaccinated and unvaccinated individuals during three waves of COVID-19 in India |
| title_full | Comparative analyses of symptoms, severity, and breakthrough infections in vaccinated and unvaccinated individuals during three waves of COVID-19 in India |
| title_fullStr | Comparative analyses of symptoms, severity, and breakthrough infections in vaccinated and unvaccinated individuals during three waves of COVID-19 in India |
| title_full_unstemmed | Comparative analyses of symptoms, severity, and breakthrough infections in vaccinated and unvaccinated individuals during three waves of COVID-19 in India |
| title_short | Comparative analyses of symptoms, severity, and breakthrough infections in vaccinated and unvaccinated individuals during three waves of COVID-19 in India |
| title_sort | comparative analyses of symptoms severity and breakthrough infections in vaccinated and unvaccinated individuals during three waves of covid 19 in india |
| topic | breakthrough infections COVID-19 infection severity vaccination COVID-19 symptoms |
| url | https://www.frontierspartnerships.org/articles/10.3389/av.2024.13536/full |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT priyabhardwaj comparativeanalysesofsymptomsseverityandbreakthroughinfectionsinvaccinatedandunvaccinatedindividualsduringthreewavesofcovid19inindia AT sunitajetly comparativeanalysesofsymptomsseverityandbreakthroughinfectionsinvaccinatedandunvaccinatedindividualsduringthreewavesofcovid19inindia AT sunitayadav comparativeanalysesofsymptomsseverityandbreakthroughinfectionsinvaccinatedandunvaccinatedindividualsduringthreewavesofcovid19inindia AT rahulkaushik comparativeanalysesofsymptomsseverityandbreakthroughinfectionsinvaccinatedandunvaccinatedindividualsduringthreewavesofcovid19inindia AT rahulkaushik comparativeanalysesofsymptomsseverityandbreakthroughinfectionsinvaccinatedandunvaccinatedindividualsduringthreewavesofcovid19inindia AT kumarnaidu comparativeanalysesofsymptomsseverityandbreakthroughinfectionsinvaccinatedandunvaccinatedindividualsduringthreewavesofcovid19inindia AT damansaluja comparativeanalysesofsymptomsseverityandbreakthroughinfectionsinvaccinatedandunvaccinatedindividualsduringthreewavesofcovid19inindia AT jyotitaneja comparativeanalysesofsymptomsseverityandbreakthroughinfectionsinvaccinatedandunvaccinatedindividualsduringthreewavesofcovid19inindia |