The Relationship Between Extratropical Cyclone Strength and Atmospheric River Intensity and Position

Abstract Extratropical cyclones (ECs) and atmospheric rivers (ARs) impact precipitation over the U.S. West Coast and other analogous regions globally. This study investigates the relationship between ECs and ARs by exploring the connections between EC strength and AR intensity and position using a n...

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Main Authors: Zhenhai Zhang, F. Martin Ralph, Minghua Zheng
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2019-02-01
Series:Geophysical Research Letters
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1029/2018GL079071
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author Zhenhai Zhang
F. Martin Ralph
Minghua Zheng
author_facet Zhenhai Zhang
F. Martin Ralph
Minghua Zheng
author_sort Zhenhai Zhang
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Extratropical cyclones (ECs) and atmospheric rivers (ARs) impact precipitation over the U.S. West Coast and other analogous regions globally. This study investigates the relationship between ECs and ARs by exploring the connections between EC strength and AR intensity and position using a new AR intensity scale. While 82% of ARs are associated with an EC, only 45% of ECs have a paired AR and the distance between the AR and EC varies greatly. Roughly 20% of ARs (defined by vertically integrated water vapor transport) occur without a nearby EC. These are usually close to a subtropical/tropical moisture source and include an anticyclone. AR intensity is only moderately proportional to EC strength. Neither the location nor intensity of an AR can be simply determined by an EC. Greater EC intensification occurs with stronger ARs, suggesting that ARs enhance EC deepening by providing more water vapor for latent heat release.
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series Geophysical Research Letters
spelling doaj-art-fb25d05820414f8f9002c4fefd2d1bcf2025-08-20T03:49:45ZengWileyGeophysical Research Letters0094-82761944-80072019-02-014631814182310.1029/2018GL079071The Relationship Between Extratropical Cyclone Strength and Atmospheric River Intensity and PositionZhenhai Zhang0F. Martin Ralph1Minghua Zheng2Center for Western Weather and Water Extremes, Scripps Institution of Oceanography University of California San Diego CA USACenter for Western Weather and Water Extremes, Scripps Institution of Oceanography University of California San Diego CA USACenter for Western Weather and Water Extremes, Scripps Institution of Oceanography University of California San Diego CA USAAbstract Extratropical cyclones (ECs) and atmospheric rivers (ARs) impact precipitation over the U.S. West Coast and other analogous regions globally. This study investigates the relationship between ECs and ARs by exploring the connections between EC strength and AR intensity and position using a new AR intensity scale. While 82% of ARs are associated with an EC, only 45% of ECs have a paired AR and the distance between the AR and EC varies greatly. Roughly 20% of ARs (defined by vertically integrated water vapor transport) occur without a nearby EC. These are usually close to a subtropical/tropical moisture source and include an anticyclone. AR intensity is only moderately proportional to EC strength. Neither the location nor intensity of an AR can be simply determined by an EC. Greater EC intensification occurs with stronger ARs, suggesting that ARs enhance EC deepening by providing more water vapor for latent heat release.https://doi.org/10.1029/2018GL079071atmospheric riverextratropical cyclone
spellingShingle Zhenhai Zhang
F. Martin Ralph
Minghua Zheng
The Relationship Between Extratropical Cyclone Strength and Atmospheric River Intensity and Position
Geophysical Research Letters
atmospheric river
extratropical cyclone
title The Relationship Between Extratropical Cyclone Strength and Atmospheric River Intensity and Position
title_full The Relationship Between Extratropical Cyclone Strength and Atmospheric River Intensity and Position
title_fullStr The Relationship Between Extratropical Cyclone Strength and Atmospheric River Intensity and Position
title_full_unstemmed The Relationship Between Extratropical Cyclone Strength and Atmospheric River Intensity and Position
title_short The Relationship Between Extratropical Cyclone Strength and Atmospheric River Intensity and Position
title_sort relationship between extratropical cyclone strength and atmospheric river intensity and position
topic atmospheric river
extratropical cyclone
url https://doi.org/10.1029/2018GL079071
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