iVRPM: Conceptual Proposal of an Immersive Virtual Reality Pedagogical Model

The growing attention to virtual reality (VR) suggests that immersive technologies will be widely applied across various contexts, including education. However, conceptual divergences and a lack of understanding regarding the learning process in immersive virtual environments reveal the nascent unde...

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Main Authors: Daniela Rocha Bicalho, João Piedade, João Filipe Matos
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-02-01
Series:Applied Sciences
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/4/2162
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author Daniela Rocha Bicalho
João Piedade
João Filipe Matos
author_facet Daniela Rocha Bicalho
João Piedade
João Filipe Matos
author_sort Daniela Rocha Bicalho
collection DOAJ
description The growing attention to virtual reality (VR) suggests that immersive technologies will be widely applied across various contexts, including education. However, conceptual divergences and a lack of understanding regarding the learning process in immersive virtual environments reveal the nascent understanding of the use of immersive virtual reality (iVR) and its benefits in educational contexts. Against this backdrop, this article presents a proposed pedagogical framework aimed at aligning the affordances of iVR environments—such as immersion, interactivity, and embodiment—with educational objectives, thereby enhancing learning experiences. Developed through a design-based research (DBR) methodology, the framework integrates theoretical contributions from the CAMIL model and the XR ABC framework in conjunction with the revised Bloom’s taxonomy. The structure organizes immersive experiences into three levels—Absorb, Experience, and Explore—which are distinguished by the interactivity and complexity of the proposed tasks. Each level is mapped to the cognitive domains and dimensions of knowledge, promoting the progressive development of cognitive and psychomotor skills. It is posited that aligning the technological features of the environment with educational objectives and the level of active student engagement can facilitate learning in immersive environments.
format Article
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issn 2076-3417
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spelling doaj-art-fb1ede1666754f25b50d7872ec1981e32025-08-20T02:44:59ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172025-02-01154216210.3390/app15042162iVRPM: Conceptual Proposal of an Immersive Virtual Reality Pedagogical ModelDaniela Rocha Bicalho0João Piedade1João Filipe Matos2UIDEF, Instituto de Educação, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-013 Lisbon, PortugalUIDEF, Instituto de Educação, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-013 Lisbon, PortugalInterdisciplinary Research Centre for Education and Development, Lusofona University, 1749-024 Lisbon, PortugalThe growing attention to virtual reality (VR) suggests that immersive technologies will be widely applied across various contexts, including education. However, conceptual divergences and a lack of understanding regarding the learning process in immersive virtual environments reveal the nascent understanding of the use of immersive virtual reality (iVR) and its benefits in educational contexts. Against this backdrop, this article presents a proposed pedagogical framework aimed at aligning the affordances of iVR environments—such as immersion, interactivity, and embodiment—with educational objectives, thereby enhancing learning experiences. Developed through a design-based research (DBR) methodology, the framework integrates theoretical contributions from the CAMIL model and the XR ABC framework in conjunction with the revised Bloom’s taxonomy. The structure organizes immersive experiences into three levels—Absorb, Experience, and Explore—which are distinguished by the interactivity and complexity of the proposed tasks. Each level is mapped to the cognitive domains and dimensions of knowledge, promoting the progressive development of cognitive and psychomotor skills. It is posited that aligning the technological features of the environment with educational objectives and the level of active student engagement can facilitate learning in immersive environments.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/4/2162educational technology (EdTech)immersive environmentsimmersive virtual reality (iVR)learninginteractive learningtechnological affordances
spellingShingle Daniela Rocha Bicalho
João Piedade
João Filipe Matos
iVRPM: Conceptual Proposal of an Immersive Virtual Reality Pedagogical Model
Applied Sciences
educational technology (EdTech)
immersive environments
immersive virtual reality (iVR)
learning
interactive learning
technological affordances
title iVRPM: Conceptual Proposal of an Immersive Virtual Reality Pedagogical Model
title_full iVRPM: Conceptual Proposal of an Immersive Virtual Reality Pedagogical Model
title_fullStr iVRPM: Conceptual Proposal of an Immersive Virtual Reality Pedagogical Model
title_full_unstemmed iVRPM: Conceptual Proposal of an Immersive Virtual Reality Pedagogical Model
title_short iVRPM: Conceptual Proposal of an Immersive Virtual Reality Pedagogical Model
title_sort ivrpm conceptual proposal of an immersive virtual reality pedagogical model
topic educational technology (EdTech)
immersive environments
immersive virtual reality (iVR)
learning
interactive learning
technological affordances
url https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/4/2162
work_keys_str_mv AT danielarochabicalho ivrpmconceptualproposalofanimmersivevirtualrealitypedagogicalmodel
AT joaopiedade ivrpmconceptualproposalofanimmersivevirtualrealitypedagogicalmodel
AT joaofilipematos ivrpmconceptualproposalofanimmersivevirtualrealitypedagogicalmodel