Locally-tailored vs. centrally-administered strategies for implementation of primary human papillomavirus (HPV) screening in an integrated healthcare system: a qualitative research study
IntroductionPrimary human papillomavirus(HPV) testing is recommended for cervical cancer screening for women aged 30–65 years without a history of abnormal results. However, there is little clear guidance regarding effective strategies for implementing primary HPV screening. As part of an ongoing ra...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2025-07-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frhs.2025.1595934/full |
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| author | Erin E. Hahn Erin E. Hahn Corrine Munoz-Plaza Chunyi Hsu Nancy T. Cannizzaro Quyen Ngo-Metzger Michael K. Gould Brian S. Mittman Melissa Hodeib Devansu Tewari Chun R. Chao Chun R. Chao |
| author_facet | Erin E. Hahn Erin E. Hahn Corrine Munoz-Plaza Chunyi Hsu Nancy T. Cannizzaro Quyen Ngo-Metzger Michael K. Gould Brian S. Mittman Melissa Hodeib Devansu Tewari Chun R. Chao Chun R. Chao |
| author_sort | Erin E. Hahn |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | IntroductionPrimary human papillomavirus(HPV) testing is recommended for cervical cancer screening for women aged 30–65 years without a history of abnormal results. However, there is little clear guidance regarding effective strategies for implementing primary HPV screening. As part of an ongoing randomized trial comparing implementation strategies for primary HPV testing (a centrally administered + usual care strategy vs. centrally administered + locally tailored strategy), we evaluated clinician experiences and perceptions of large-scale implementation of primary HPV screening in an integrated healthcare system, Kaiser Permanente Southern California.Materials and methodsWe conducted qualitative interviews with internal medicine, family medicine and obstetrics/gynecology clinicians to gain insight into fidelity to the interventions and implementation strategies, barriers and facilitators to implementation, and recommendations. Participants from both arms of the trial were recruited. Interview guides were developed with the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR). We recruited physicians, licensed vocational nurses, and medical assistants after primary HPV screening had been implemented. Interviews were recorded and transcribed. Using a team coding approach, we developed an initial coding structure refined during iterative analysis; data were subsequently organized thematically into domains, key themes, and sub-themes using thematic analysis, followed by framework analysis informed by CFIR.ResultsThirty-two interviews were conducted. Participants in both arms of the trial noted high awareness, preparedness, buy-in, and fidelity to the new screening process. Initial barriers concerned specimen collection, proper ordering, and lab delays. An unanticipated barrier was the length of time needed to return lab results for reflexive cytology tests after a positive HPV result which reportedly increased patient anxiety. Participants in both arms reported fidelity to the centralized strategy (e.g., attending webinars, leadership announcements). In the local-tailored arm, few participants recalled the local-tailored resources.DiscussionThe centralized strategy was perceived as highly acceptable and feasible, and fidelity to the associated interventions appear to be facilitators of practice change. Recommendations for improving implementation included patient education, outreach and ongoing clinician training. Findings can be applied to other health systems and settings considering primary HPV screening implementation, particularly those within the U.S. or with a similar health care model.
Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov, identifier #NCT04371887 |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-fb1a154a484f46c9a9681679ec99f67e |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2813-0146 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-07-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
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| series | Frontiers in Health Services |
| spelling | doaj-art-fb1a154a484f46c9a9681679ec99f67e2025-08-20T03:12:31ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Health Services2813-01462025-07-01510.3389/frhs.2025.15959341595934Locally-tailored vs. centrally-administered strategies for implementation of primary human papillomavirus (HPV) screening in an integrated healthcare system: a qualitative research studyErin E. Hahn0Erin E. Hahn1Corrine Munoz-Plaza2Chunyi Hsu3Nancy T. Cannizzaro4Quyen Ngo-Metzger5Michael K. Gould6Brian S. Mittman7Melissa Hodeib8Devansu Tewari9Chun R. Chao10Chun R. Chao11Department of Research and Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, CA, United StatesDepartment of Health Systems Science, Kaiser Permanente Bernard J. Tyson School of Medicine, Pasadena, CA, United StatesDepartment of Research and Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, CA, United StatesDepartment of Research and Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, CA, United StatesDepartment of Research and Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, CA, United StatesDepartment of Health Systems Science, Kaiser Permanente Bernard J. Tyson School of Medicine, Pasadena, CA, United StatesDepartment of Health Systems Science, Kaiser Permanente Bernard J. Tyson School of Medicine, Pasadena, CA, United StatesDepartment of Research and Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, CA, United StatesDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Southern California Permanente Medical Group, Riverside, CA, United StatesDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Southern California Permanente Medical Group, Irvine, CA, United StatesDepartment of Research and Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, CA, United StatesDepartment of Health Systems Science, Kaiser Permanente Bernard J. Tyson School of Medicine, Pasadena, CA, United StatesIntroductionPrimary human papillomavirus(HPV) testing is recommended for cervical cancer screening for women aged 30–65 years without a history of abnormal results. However, there is little clear guidance regarding effective strategies for implementing primary HPV screening. As part of an ongoing randomized trial comparing implementation strategies for primary HPV testing (a centrally administered + usual care strategy vs. centrally administered + locally tailored strategy), we evaluated clinician experiences and perceptions of large-scale implementation of primary HPV screening in an integrated healthcare system, Kaiser Permanente Southern California.Materials and methodsWe conducted qualitative interviews with internal medicine, family medicine and obstetrics/gynecology clinicians to gain insight into fidelity to the interventions and implementation strategies, barriers and facilitators to implementation, and recommendations. Participants from both arms of the trial were recruited. Interview guides were developed with the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR). We recruited physicians, licensed vocational nurses, and medical assistants after primary HPV screening had been implemented. Interviews were recorded and transcribed. Using a team coding approach, we developed an initial coding structure refined during iterative analysis; data were subsequently organized thematically into domains, key themes, and sub-themes using thematic analysis, followed by framework analysis informed by CFIR.ResultsThirty-two interviews were conducted. Participants in both arms of the trial noted high awareness, preparedness, buy-in, and fidelity to the new screening process. Initial barriers concerned specimen collection, proper ordering, and lab delays. An unanticipated barrier was the length of time needed to return lab results for reflexive cytology tests after a positive HPV result which reportedly increased patient anxiety. Participants in both arms reported fidelity to the centralized strategy (e.g., attending webinars, leadership announcements). In the local-tailored arm, few participants recalled the local-tailored resources.DiscussionThe centralized strategy was perceived as highly acceptable and feasible, and fidelity to the associated interventions appear to be facilitators of practice change. Recommendations for improving implementation included patient education, outreach and ongoing clinician training. Findings can be applied to other health systems and settings considering primary HPV screening implementation, particularly those within the U.S. or with a similar health care model. Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov, identifier #NCT04371887https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frhs.2025.1595934/fullimplementation strategiescervical cancer screeningprimary HPV screeningqualitative researchhealthcare delivery system change |
| spellingShingle | Erin E. Hahn Erin E. Hahn Corrine Munoz-Plaza Chunyi Hsu Nancy T. Cannizzaro Quyen Ngo-Metzger Michael K. Gould Brian S. Mittman Melissa Hodeib Devansu Tewari Chun R. Chao Chun R. Chao Locally-tailored vs. centrally-administered strategies for implementation of primary human papillomavirus (HPV) screening in an integrated healthcare system: a qualitative research study Frontiers in Health Services implementation strategies cervical cancer screening primary HPV screening qualitative research healthcare delivery system change |
| title | Locally-tailored vs. centrally-administered strategies for implementation of primary human papillomavirus (HPV) screening in an integrated healthcare system: a qualitative research study |
| title_full | Locally-tailored vs. centrally-administered strategies for implementation of primary human papillomavirus (HPV) screening in an integrated healthcare system: a qualitative research study |
| title_fullStr | Locally-tailored vs. centrally-administered strategies for implementation of primary human papillomavirus (HPV) screening in an integrated healthcare system: a qualitative research study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Locally-tailored vs. centrally-administered strategies for implementation of primary human papillomavirus (HPV) screening in an integrated healthcare system: a qualitative research study |
| title_short | Locally-tailored vs. centrally-administered strategies for implementation of primary human papillomavirus (HPV) screening in an integrated healthcare system: a qualitative research study |
| title_sort | locally tailored vs centrally administered strategies for implementation of primary human papillomavirus hpv screening in an integrated healthcare system a qualitative research study |
| topic | implementation strategies cervical cancer screening primary HPV screening qualitative research healthcare delivery system change |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frhs.2025.1595934/full |
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