Impact of length of stay on diagnostic yield in the epilepsy monitoring unit: A multi‐center retrospective 12‐year Veterans Health Administration study

Abstract Objective Epilepsy Monitoring Units (EMUs) in Veterans Health Administration (VHA) Epilepsy Centers of Excellence (ECoE) are critical for the diagnosis and management of seizure disorders. Whether a shorter length of stay (LOS) in the EMU due to scheduling impacts diagnostic yield is unclea...

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Main Authors: Maximillian S. Feygin, Autumn Smith, Sruthi Gopinath Karicheri, Khadar Haroun, Omar Khan, Maria R. Lopez, Stephan Eisenschenk, John Jones, Stephanie Reeder, Alan R. Towne, Christopher Ransom, Karen Medin, James Chen, Tung Tran, Nina I. Garga, Noemi Rincon‐Flores, Marissa Kellogg, Steven Tobochnik, Zulfi Haneef, the Veterans Epilepsy Learning, Collaborative Research, and Operations (VELCRO) investigators
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Language:English
Published: Wiley 2025-06-01
Series:Epilepsia Open
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1002/epi4.70047
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author Maximillian S. Feygin
Autumn Smith
Sruthi Gopinath Karicheri
Khadar Haroun
Omar Khan
Maria R. Lopez
Stephan Eisenschenk
John Jones
Stephanie Reeder
Alan R. Towne
Christopher Ransom
Karen Medin
James Chen
Tung Tran
Nina I. Garga
Noemi Rincon‐Flores
Marissa Kellogg
Steven Tobochnik
Zulfi Haneef
the Veterans Epilepsy Learning, Collaborative Research, and Operations (VELCRO) investigators
author_facet Maximillian S. Feygin
Autumn Smith
Sruthi Gopinath Karicheri
Khadar Haroun
Omar Khan
Maria R. Lopez
Stephan Eisenschenk
John Jones
Stephanie Reeder
Alan R. Towne
Christopher Ransom
Karen Medin
James Chen
Tung Tran
Nina I. Garga
Noemi Rincon‐Flores
Marissa Kellogg
Steven Tobochnik
Zulfi Haneef
the Veterans Epilepsy Learning, Collaborative Research, and Operations (VELCRO) investigators
author_sort Maximillian S. Feygin
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Objective Epilepsy Monitoring Units (EMUs) in Veterans Health Administration (VHA) Epilepsy Centers of Excellence (ECoE) are critical for the diagnosis and management of seizure disorders. Whether a shorter length of stay (LOS) in the EMU due to scheduling impacts diagnostic yield is unclear. Methods Data from 7074 EMU visits across 15 VHA EMUs (2012–2024) were analyzed. Based on usual admission schedules, EMUs were divided into “fixed” (typically Monday–Friday) or “flexible” subgroups. Diagnostic outcomes were classified as epileptic seizures (ES), psychogenic non‐epileptic seizures (PNES), other non‐epileptic events, and inconclusive. Diagnostic rates were compared between fixed and flexible sites using cumulative distribution functions and other statistical tests. Readmission data for initially inconclusive cases were also examined. Results Diagnostic outcomes showed the following distribution: 23% ES, 19% PNES, 11% other non‐epileptic events, and 47% inconclusive. Similar distributions were seen between fixed and flexible sites, although a higher proportion of diagnostic admissions were completed earlier in fixed sites and over a longer average LOS at flexible sites. Admissions diagnostic of ES had longer LOS than all other outcomes (4.5 vs. 3.8 days, p < 0.001). Repeat EMU admissions were performed in 10% of patients and were more likely to be diagnostic of ES than PNES or other non‐epileptic events. Significance About half of EMU admissions within VHA were non‐diagnostic with respect to the patients' typical clinical events. ES and PNES were observed at approximately similar rates, although the diagnosis of ES required a longer LOS. Fixed sites did not appear inferior to flexible sites for reaching diagnostic conclusions in our analysis. The higher proportion of earlier diagnoses at fixed sites observed was likely a statistical effect of their predefined shorter admission lengths. Further investigations of EMU resource utilization based on individual goals of monitoring are necessary to better examine and improve efficiency. Plain Language Summary Epilepsy Monitoring Units (EMUs) are specialized hospital units used to diagnose and characterize seizures. This study looked at over 7000 admissions across 15 Veterans Health Administration EMUs to see whether length of stay affected diagnosis rates based on admission scheduling and seizure types. Regardless of whether patients were admitted on a fixed schedule (Monday–Friday) or a flexible schedule, about half of hospitalizations did not capture typical events. Diagnosis of epileptic seizures and psychogenic non‐epileptic seizures occurred at similar rates, though diagnosing epileptic seizures took longer. Findings suggest fixed (shorter) hospital stays may be as effective as longer flexible hospitalizations.
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spelling doaj-art-fb0ce5abcec946b6b9343ab4c4e7b8942025-08-20T03:46:58ZengWileyEpilepsia Open2470-92392025-06-0110389490510.1002/epi4.70047Impact of length of stay on diagnostic yield in the epilepsy monitoring unit: A multi‐center retrospective 12‐year Veterans Health Administration studyMaximillian S. Feygin0Autumn Smith1Sruthi Gopinath Karicheri2Khadar Haroun3Omar Khan4Maria R. Lopez5Stephan Eisenschenk6John Jones7Stephanie Reeder8Alan R. Towne9Christopher Ransom10Karen Medin11James Chen12Tung Tran13Nina I. Garga14Noemi Rincon‐Flores15Marissa Kellogg16Steven Tobochnik17Zulfi Haneef18the Veterans Epilepsy Learning, Collaborative Research, and Operations (VELCRO) investigatorsEpilepsy Centers of Excellence Veterans Health Administration Washington District of Columbia USAEpilepsy Centers of Excellence Veterans Health Administration Washington District of Columbia USAEpilepsy Centers of Excellence Veterans Health Administration Washington District of Columbia USAEpilepsy Centers of Excellence Veterans Health Administration Washington District of Columbia USAEpilepsy Centers of Excellence Veterans Health Administration Washington District of Columbia USAEpilepsy Centers of Excellence Veterans Health Administration Washington District of Columbia USAEpilepsy Centers of Excellence Veterans Health Administration Washington District of Columbia USAEpilepsy Centers of Excellence Veterans Health Administration Washington District of Columbia USAEpilepsy Centers of Excellence Veterans Health Administration Washington District of Columbia USAEpilepsy Centers of Excellence Veterans Health Administration Washington District of Columbia USAVA Puget Sound Health Care System Seattle Washington USAEpilepsy Centers of Excellence Veterans Health Administration Washington District of Columbia USAEpilepsy Centers of Excellence Veterans Health Administration Washington District of Columbia USAEpilepsy Centers of Excellence Veterans Health Administration Washington District of Columbia USAEpilepsy Centers of Excellence Veterans Health Administration Washington District of Columbia USAEpilepsy Centers of Excellence Veterans Health Administration Washington District of Columbia USAEpilepsy Centers of Excellence Veterans Health Administration Washington District of Columbia USAEpilepsy Centers of Excellence Veterans Health Administration Washington District of Columbia USAEpilepsy Centers of Excellence Veterans Health Administration Washington District of Columbia USAAbstract Objective Epilepsy Monitoring Units (EMUs) in Veterans Health Administration (VHA) Epilepsy Centers of Excellence (ECoE) are critical for the diagnosis and management of seizure disorders. Whether a shorter length of stay (LOS) in the EMU due to scheduling impacts diagnostic yield is unclear. Methods Data from 7074 EMU visits across 15 VHA EMUs (2012–2024) were analyzed. Based on usual admission schedules, EMUs were divided into “fixed” (typically Monday–Friday) or “flexible” subgroups. Diagnostic outcomes were classified as epileptic seizures (ES), psychogenic non‐epileptic seizures (PNES), other non‐epileptic events, and inconclusive. Diagnostic rates were compared between fixed and flexible sites using cumulative distribution functions and other statistical tests. Readmission data for initially inconclusive cases were also examined. Results Diagnostic outcomes showed the following distribution: 23% ES, 19% PNES, 11% other non‐epileptic events, and 47% inconclusive. Similar distributions were seen between fixed and flexible sites, although a higher proportion of diagnostic admissions were completed earlier in fixed sites and over a longer average LOS at flexible sites. Admissions diagnostic of ES had longer LOS than all other outcomes (4.5 vs. 3.8 days, p < 0.001). Repeat EMU admissions were performed in 10% of patients and were more likely to be diagnostic of ES than PNES or other non‐epileptic events. Significance About half of EMU admissions within VHA were non‐diagnostic with respect to the patients' typical clinical events. ES and PNES were observed at approximately similar rates, although the diagnosis of ES required a longer LOS. Fixed sites did not appear inferior to flexible sites for reaching diagnostic conclusions in our analysis. The higher proportion of earlier diagnoses at fixed sites observed was likely a statistical effect of their predefined shorter admission lengths. Further investigations of EMU resource utilization based on individual goals of monitoring are necessary to better examine and improve efficiency. Plain Language Summary Epilepsy Monitoring Units (EMUs) are specialized hospital units used to diagnose and characterize seizures. This study looked at over 7000 admissions across 15 Veterans Health Administration EMUs to see whether length of stay affected diagnosis rates based on admission scheduling and seizure types. Regardless of whether patients were admitted on a fixed schedule (Monday–Friday) or a flexible schedule, about half of hospitalizations did not capture typical events. Diagnosis of epileptic seizures and psychogenic non‐epileptic seizures occurred at similar rates, though diagnosing epileptic seizures took longer. Findings suggest fixed (shorter) hospital stays may be as effective as longer flexible hospitalizations.https://doi.org/10.1002/epi4.70047diagnostic yieldEpilepsy Monitoring Unitepileptic seizureslength of staypsychogenic non‐epileptic seizuresVeterans Health Administration
spellingShingle Maximillian S. Feygin
Autumn Smith
Sruthi Gopinath Karicheri
Khadar Haroun
Omar Khan
Maria R. Lopez
Stephan Eisenschenk
John Jones
Stephanie Reeder
Alan R. Towne
Christopher Ransom
Karen Medin
James Chen
Tung Tran
Nina I. Garga
Noemi Rincon‐Flores
Marissa Kellogg
Steven Tobochnik
Zulfi Haneef
the Veterans Epilepsy Learning, Collaborative Research, and Operations (VELCRO) investigators
Impact of length of stay on diagnostic yield in the epilepsy monitoring unit: A multi‐center retrospective 12‐year Veterans Health Administration study
Epilepsia Open
diagnostic yield
Epilepsy Monitoring Unit
epileptic seizures
length of stay
psychogenic non‐epileptic seizures
Veterans Health Administration
title Impact of length of stay on diagnostic yield in the epilepsy monitoring unit: A multi‐center retrospective 12‐year Veterans Health Administration study
title_full Impact of length of stay on diagnostic yield in the epilepsy monitoring unit: A multi‐center retrospective 12‐year Veterans Health Administration study
title_fullStr Impact of length of stay on diagnostic yield in the epilepsy monitoring unit: A multi‐center retrospective 12‐year Veterans Health Administration study
title_full_unstemmed Impact of length of stay on diagnostic yield in the epilepsy monitoring unit: A multi‐center retrospective 12‐year Veterans Health Administration study
title_short Impact of length of stay on diagnostic yield in the epilepsy monitoring unit: A multi‐center retrospective 12‐year Veterans Health Administration study
title_sort impact of length of stay on diagnostic yield in the epilepsy monitoring unit a multi center retrospective 12 year veterans health administration study
topic diagnostic yield
Epilepsy Monitoring Unit
epileptic seizures
length of stay
psychogenic non‐epileptic seizures
Veterans Health Administration
url https://doi.org/10.1002/epi4.70047
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