Hydroponic Chinese flowering cabbage detection and localization algorithm based on improved YOLOv5s.

To achieve automated harvesting of hydroponic Chinese flowering cabbage, the detection and localization of the cabbage are crucial. This study proposes a two stages detection and localization algorithm for hydroponic Chinese flowering cabbage, which includes macro-detection and micro-localization. T...

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Main Authors: Zhongjian Xie, Yaya Zhang, Weilin Wu, Yao Xiao, Xinwei Chen, Weiqi Chen, ZhuXuan Wan, Chunhua Lin
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2024-01-01
Series:PLoS ONE
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0315465
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author Zhongjian Xie
Yaya Zhang
Weilin Wu
Yao Xiao
Xinwei Chen
Weiqi Chen
ZhuXuan Wan
Chunhua Lin
author_facet Zhongjian Xie
Yaya Zhang
Weilin Wu
Yao Xiao
Xinwei Chen
Weiqi Chen
ZhuXuan Wan
Chunhua Lin
author_sort Zhongjian Xie
collection DOAJ
description To achieve automated harvesting of hydroponic Chinese flowering cabbage, the detection and localization of the cabbage are crucial. This study proposes a two stages detection and localization algorithm for hydroponic Chinese flowering cabbage, which includes macro-detection and micro-localization. The macro-detection algorithm is named P-YOLOv5s-GRNF. Its improvement strategies include adopting pruning techniques, the GSConv, receptive field attention convolution (RFAConv), normalization-based attention module (NAM), and the Focal-EIOU Loss module. The micro-localization algorithm is named YOLOv5s-SBC. Its improvement strategies include adding a 160×160 detection layer, removing a 20×20 detection layer, introducing a weighted bidirectional feature pyramid network (BiFPN) structure, and utilizing the coordinate attention (CA) mechanism. The experimental results showed that P-YOLOv5s-GRNF increased the mAP(mean average precision) by 0.8%, 4.3%, 3.2%, 0.7%, 19.3%, 9.8%, 3.1% compared to mainstream object detection algorithms YOLOv5s, YOLOv6s, YOLOv7-tiny, YOLOv8s, YOLOv5s-Shufflenetv2, YOLOv5s-Mobilenetv3, YOLOv5s-Ghost, respectively. Compared to the original model, P-YOLOv5s-GRNF decreased parameters by 18%, decreased model size to 11.9MB, decreased FLOPs to 14.5G, and increased FPS by 4.3. YOLOv5s-SBC also increased mAP by 4.0% compared to the original YOLOv5s, with parameters decreased by 65%, model size decreased by 60%, and FLOPs decreased to 15.3G. Combined with a depth camera, the improved models construct a positioning system that can provide technical support for the automated and intelligent harvesting of Chinese flowering cabbage.
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spelling doaj-art-fb089f5609804d9fadee30fc3e45fcc92025-08-20T02:58:07ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLoS ONE1932-62032024-01-011912e031546510.1371/journal.pone.0315465Hydroponic Chinese flowering cabbage detection and localization algorithm based on improved YOLOv5s.Zhongjian XieYaya ZhangWeilin WuYao XiaoXinwei ChenWeiqi ChenZhuXuan WanChunhua LinTo achieve automated harvesting of hydroponic Chinese flowering cabbage, the detection and localization of the cabbage are crucial. This study proposes a two stages detection and localization algorithm for hydroponic Chinese flowering cabbage, which includes macro-detection and micro-localization. The macro-detection algorithm is named P-YOLOv5s-GRNF. Its improvement strategies include adopting pruning techniques, the GSConv, receptive field attention convolution (RFAConv), normalization-based attention module (NAM), and the Focal-EIOU Loss module. The micro-localization algorithm is named YOLOv5s-SBC. Its improvement strategies include adding a 160×160 detection layer, removing a 20×20 detection layer, introducing a weighted bidirectional feature pyramid network (BiFPN) structure, and utilizing the coordinate attention (CA) mechanism. The experimental results showed that P-YOLOv5s-GRNF increased the mAP(mean average precision) by 0.8%, 4.3%, 3.2%, 0.7%, 19.3%, 9.8%, 3.1% compared to mainstream object detection algorithms YOLOv5s, YOLOv6s, YOLOv7-tiny, YOLOv8s, YOLOv5s-Shufflenetv2, YOLOv5s-Mobilenetv3, YOLOv5s-Ghost, respectively. Compared to the original model, P-YOLOv5s-GRNF decreased parameters by 18%, decreased model size to 11.9MB, decreased FLOPs to 14.5G, and increased FPS by 4.3. YOLOv5s-SBC also increased mAP by 4.0% compared to the original YOLOv5s, with parameters decreased by 65%, model size decreased by 60%, and FLOPs decreased to 15.3G. Combined with a depth camera, the improved models construct a positioning system that can provide technical support for the automated and intelligent harvesting of Chinese flowering cabbage.https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0315465
spellingShingle Zhongjian Xie
Yaya Zhang
Weilin Wu
Yao Xiao
Xinwei Chen
Weiqi Chen
ZhuXuan Wan
Chunhua Lin
Hydroponic Chinese flowering cabbage detection and localization algorithm based on improved YOLOv5s.
PLoS ONE
title Hydroponic Chinese flowering cabbage detection and localization algorithm based on improved YOLOv5s.
title_full Hydroponic Chinese flowering cabbage detection and localization algorithm based on improved YOLOv5s.
title_fullStr Hydroponic Chinese flowering cabbage detection and localization algorithm based on improved YOLOv5s.
title_full_unstemmed Hydroponic Chinese flowering cabbage detection and localization algorithm based on improved YOLOv5s.
title_short Hydroponic Chinese flowering cabbage detection and localization algorithm based on improved YOLOv5s.
title_sort hydroponic chinese flowering cabbage detection and localization algorithm based on improved yolov5s
url https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0315465
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