Three-Dimensional-Printed Meat Products with Lycopene-Functionalized Yeast Pickering Emulsions as Fat Replacer

Due to the health-driven demand for fat replacers in meat products, Lycopene (Lyc)-loaded yeast protein (YP) high internal phase Pickering emulsions (HIPPEs) were explored as fat replacers for 3D-printed meat products. HIPPEs with varying Lyc concentrations were formulated, and their encapsulation e...

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Main Authors: Zihan Cao, Yu Xing, Shasha Zhou, Feifan Li, Lixin Wang, Juanjuan Zhang, Xiaoxi Yang, Yumiao Lang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-07-01
Series:Foods
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/14/14/2518
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author Zihan Cao
Yu Xing
Shasha Zhou
Feifan Li
Lixin Wang
Juanjuan Zhang
Xiaoxi Yang
Yumiao Lang
author_facet Zihan Cao
Yu Xing
Shasha Zhou
Feifan Li
Lixin Wang
Juanjuan Zhang
Xiaoxi Yang
Yumiao Lang
author_sort Zihan Cao
collection DOAJ
description Due to the health-driven demand for fat replacers in meat products, Lycopene (Lyc)-loaded yeast protein (YP) high internal phase Pickering emulsions (HIPPEs) were explored as fat replacers for 3D-printed meat products. HIPPEs with varying Lyc concentrations were formulated, and their encapsulation efficiency and antioxidant activity (DPPH and ABTS assays) were evaluated. The encapsulation efficiency of Lyc exceeded 90% for all samples. Microscopic analysis revealed significant droplet enlargement in emulsions containing Lyc concentrations of 1.25 mg/mL and 1.50 mg/mL. Antioxidant activity peaked at a Lyc concentration of 1.00 mg/mL. Three-dimensional-printed meat products with different fat replacement ratios (0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100%) were prepared using both Lyc-loaded and non-loaded emulsions, and their printing precision, cooking loss, color, pH, texture, and lipid oxidation were assessed. The replacement ratio had no significant impact on printing precision, while cooking yield improved with higher fat replacement levels. Lyc emulsions notably influenced meat color, resulting in lower lightness and higher redness and yellowness. pH values remained stable across formulations. Lipid oxidation decreased with increasing fat replacement levels. The results indicate that Lyc-loaded YP Pickering emulsions have great potential as effective fat replacers for 3D-printed meat products, enhancing antioxidant performance while preserving product quality.
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institution Kabale University
issn 2304-8158
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publishDate 2025-07-01
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spelling doaj-art-fb072e45e4d7402080d9abfb0d2399f12025-08-20T03:36:11ZengMDPI AGFoods2304-81582025-07-011414251810.3390/foods14142518Three-Dimensional-Printed Meat Products with Lycopene-Functionalized Yeast Pickering Emulsions as Fat ReplacerZihan Cao0Yu Xing1Shasha Zhou2Feifan Li3Lixin Wang4Juanjuan Zhang5Xiaoxi Yang6Yumiao Lang7Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Hebei Province, College of Public Health, Hebei University, No. 180 Wusidong Road, Baoding 071002, ChinaKey Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Hebei Province, College of Public Health, Hebei University, No. 180 Wusidong Road, Baoding 071002, ChinaKey Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Hebei Province, College of Public Health, Hebei University, No. 180 Wusidong Road, Baoding 071002, ChinaKey Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Hebei Province, College of Public Health, Hebei University, No. 180 Wusidong Road, Baoding 071002, ChinaKey Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Hebei Province, College of Public Health, Hebei University, No. 180 Wusidong Road, Baoding 071002, ChinaKey Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Hebei Province, College of Public Health, Hebei University, No. 180 Wusidong Road, Baoding 071002, ChinaKey Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Hebei Province, College of Public Health, Hebei University, No. 180 Wusidong Road, Baoding 071002, ChinaKey Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Hebei Province, College of Public Health, Hebei University, No. 180 Wusidong Road, Baoding 071002, ChinaDue to the health-driven demand for fat replacers in meat products, Lycopene (Lyc)-loaded yeast protein (YP) high internal phase Pickering emulsions (HIPPEs) were explored as fat replacers for 3D-printed meat products. HIPPEs with varying Lyc concentrations were formulated, and their encapsulation efficiency and antioxidant activity (DPPH and ABTS assays) were evaluated. The encapsulation efficiency of Lyc exceeded 90% for all samples. Microscopic analysis revealed significant droplet enlargement in emulsions containing Lyc concentrations of 1.25 mg/mL and 1.50 mg/mL. Antioxidant activity peaked at a Lyc concentration of 1.00 mg/mL. Three-dimensional-printed meat products with different fat replacement ratios (0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100%) were prepared using both Lyc-loaded and non-loaded emulsions, and their printing precision, cooking loss, color, pH, texture, and lipid oxidation were assessed. The replacement ratio had no significant impact on printing precision, while cooking yield improved with higher fat replacement levels. Lyc emulsions notably influenced meat color, resulting in lower lightness and higher redness and yellowness. pH values remained stable across formulations. Lipid oxidation decreased with increasing fat replacement levels. The results indicate that Lyc-loaded YP Pickering emulsions have great potential as effective fat replacers for 3D-printed meat products, enhancing antioxidant performance while preserving product quality.https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/14/14/2518lycopenepickering emulsionsfat replacementantioxidant properties3D printing
spellingShingle Zihan Cao
Yu Xing
Shasha Zhou
Feifan Li
Lixin Wang
Juanjuan Zhang
Xiaoxi Yang
Yumiao Lang
Three-Dimensional-Printed Meat Products with Lycopene-Functionalized Yeast Pickering Emulsions as Fat Replacer
Foods
lycopene
pickering emulsions
fat replacement
antioxidant properties
3D printing
title Three-Dimensional-Printed Meat Products with Lycopene-Functionalized Yeast Pickering Emulsions as Fat Replacer
title_full Three-Dimensional-Printed Meat Products with Lycopene-Functionalized Yeast Pickering Emulsions as Fat Replacer
title_fullStr Three-Dimensional-Printed Meat Products with Lycopene-Functionalized Yeast Pickering Emulsions as Fat Replacer
title_full_unstemmed Three-Dimensional-Printed Meat Products with Lycopene-Functionalized Yeast Pickering Emulsions as Fat Replacer
title_short Three-Dimensional-Printed Meat Products with Lycopene-Functionalized Yeast Pickering Emulsions as Fat Replacer
title_sort three dimensional printed meat products with lycopene functionalized yeast pickering emulsions as fat replacer
topic lycopene
pickering emulsions
fat replacement
antioxidant properties
3D printing
url https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/14/14/2518
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