Astaxanthin supplementation enhances carcass performance, meat quality, and intestinal barrier function by modulating cecal microbiota and metabolomics in overfed Pekin ducks

Astaxanthin (AST), a potent antioxidant, has shown promise in improving poultry production metrics. This study investigated the effects of dietary AST on carcass traits, breast muscle composition, intestinal barrier function, cecal microbiota, and metabolomics in overfed Pekin ducks. A total of 150...

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Main Authors: Xueze Lv, Uchechukwu Edna Obianwuna, Liang Wang, Shiyong Xie, Keying An, Lulu Han, Dimei Wu, Xiaolong Qi, Shugeng Wu, Zhaofei Xia
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-08-01
Series:Poultry Science
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0032579125005528
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author Xueze Lv
Uchechukwu Edna Obianwuna
Liang Wang
Shiyong Xie
Keying An
Lulu Han
Dimei Wu
Xiaolong Qi
Shugeng Wu
Zhaofei Xia
author_facet Xueze Lv
Uchechukwu Edna Obianwuna
Liang Wang
Shiyong Xie
Keying An
Lulu Han
Dimei Wu
Xiaolong Qi
Shugeng Wu
Zhaofei Xia
author_sort Xueze Lv
collection DOAJ
description Astaxanthin (AST), a potent antioxidant, has shown promise in improving poultry production metrics. This study investigated the effects of dietary AST on carcass traits, breast muscle composition, intestinal barrier function, cecal microbiota, and metabolomics in overfed Pekin ducks. A total of 150 one-day-old male Pekin ducks were assigned to five groups: Control (CON, basal diet), low-dose AST (LDG, 40 mg/kg), medium-dose (MDG, 80 mg/kg), high-dose (HDG, 120 mg/kg), and an ad libitum-fed group (ALG), and the feeding trial lasted for 42 days. Our findings revealed that AST significantly enhanced live and carcass weights, increased breast muscle mass in the HD group, and promoted subcutaneous fat deposition MD group, (P < 0.05). Supplementation of AST improved breast muscle amino acid profiles, especially phenylalanine, alanine, arginine, lysine, and tryptophan, and shifted fatty acid composition by reducing saturated fatty acids and increasing mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acids, notably in the MDG (P < 0.05). Astaxanthin reduced serum total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol while increasing high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (P < 0.05). Furthermore, astaxanthin enhanced gut barrier integrity by lowering serum nitric oxide, endotoxin, and D-lactate levels and upregulating jejunal Mucin-2 and occludin gene expression (P < 0.05). Microbiota analysis revealed increases in Bacteroidota, Firmicutes, and Actinobacteria, with beneficial associations between gut integrity and Weissella and Lactobacillus, and negative correlations with Faecalibacterium. Metabolomics identified enrichment of glycerophospholipid, tryptophan, glutathione, glycine‑serine-threonine, and aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis pathways. Key upregulated metabolites included 5-methoxyindoleacetate and glyceric acid, while Lysophosphatidylcholines (LysoPCs) were downregulated. 6-hydroxymelatonin and creatine were enriched but not significant. Microbiota-metabolome correlations indicated negative associations between Weissella and LysoPCs, Faecalibacterium and creatine, and a positive link between Collinsella and glyceric acid (P < 0.05), favoring gut health. Overall, AST improved carcass traits and intestinal function in overfed ducks via microbiota and metabolic modulation.
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spelling doaj-art-fafbca202cef40f5ad3581846cf93ca42025-08-20T03:08:22ZengElsevierPoultry Science0032-57912025-08-01104810531010.1016/j.psj.2025.105310Astaxanthin supplementation enhances carcass performance, meat quality, and intestinal barrier function by modulating cecal microbiota and metabolomics in overfed Pekin ducksXueze Lv0Uchechukwu Edna Obianwuna1Liang Wang2Shiyong Xie3Keying An4Lulu Han5Dimei Wu6Xiaolong Qi7Shugeng Wu8Zhaofei Xia9College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Beijing General Animal Husbandry Station, Beijing 100107, ChinaFeed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, ChinaBeijing General Animal Husbandry Station, Beijing 100107, ChinaBeijing General Animal Husbandry Station, Beijing 100107, ChinaCollege of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, ChinaCollege of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, ChinaBeijing General Animal Husbandry Station, Beijing 100107, ChinaAnimal Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agricultural, Beijing 102206, ChinaFeed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; Corresponding authors.College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Corresponding authors.Astaxanthin (AST), a potent antioxidant, has shown promise in improving poultry production metrics. This study investigated the effects of dietary AST on carcass traits, breast muscle composition, intestinal barrier function, cecal microbiota, and metabolomics in overfed Pekin ducks. A total of 150 one-day-old male Pekin ducks were assigned to five groups: Control (CON, basal diet), low-dose AST (LDG, 40 mg/kg), medium-dose (MDG, 80 mg/kg), high-dose (HDG, 120 mg/kg), and an ad libitum-fed group (ALG), and the feeding trial lasted for 42 days. Our findings revealed that AST significantly enhanced live and carcass weights, increased breast muscle mass in the HD group, and promoted subcutaneous fat deposition MD group, (P < 0.05). Supplementation of AST improved breast muscle amino acid profiles, especially phenylalanine, alanine, arginine, lysine, and tryptophan, and shifted fatty acid composition by reducing saturated fatty acids and increasing mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acids, notably in the MDG (P < 0.05). Astaxanthin reduced serum total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol while increasing high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (P < 0.05). Furthermore, astaxanthin enhanced gut barrier integrity by lowering serum nitric oxide, endotoxin, and D-lactate levels and upregulating jejunal Mucin-2 and occludin gene expression (P < 0.05). Microbiota analysis revealed increases in Bacteroidota, Firmicutes, and Actinobacteria, with beneficial associations between gut integrity and Weissella and Lactobacillus, and negative correlations with Faecalibacterium. Metabolomics identified enrichment of glycerophospholipid, tryptophan, glutathione, glycine‑serine-threonine, and aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis pathways. Key upregulated metabolites included 5-methoxyindoleacetate and glyceric acid, while Lysophosphatidylcholines (LysoPCs) were downregulated. 6-hydroxymelatonin and creatine were enriched but not significant. Microbiota-metabolome correlations indicated negative associations between Weissella and LysoPCs, Faecalibacterium and creatine, and a positive link between Collinsella and glyceric acid (P < 0.05), favoring gut health. Overall, AST improved carcass traits and intestinal function in overfed ducks via microbiota and metabolic modulation.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0032579125005528AstaxanthinCarcass qualityMicrobiota-metabolomeIntestinal barrierOverfed Pekin ducks
spellingShingle Xueze Lv
Uchechukwu Edna Obianwuna
Liang Wang
Shiyong Xie
Keying An
Lulu Han
Dimei Wu
Xiaolong Qi
Shugeng Wu
Zhaofei Xia
Astaxanthin supplementation enhances carcass performance, meat quality, and intestinal barrier function by modulating cecal microbiota and metabolomics in overfed Pekin ducks
Poultry Science
Astaxanthin
Carcass quality
Microbiota-metabolome
Intestinal barrier
Overfed Pekin ducks
title Astaxanthin supplementation enhances carcass performance, meat quality, and intestinal barrier function by modulating cecal microbiota and metabolomics in overfed Pekin ducks
title_full Astaxanthin supplementation enhances carcass performance, meat quality, and intestinal barrier function by modulating cecal microbiota and metabolomics in overfed Pekin ducks
title_fullStr Astaxanthin supplementation enhances carcass performance, meat quality, and intestinal barrier function by modulating cecal microbiota and metabolomics in overfed Pekin ducks
title_full_unstemmed Astaxanthin supplementation enhances carcass performance, meat quality, and intestinal barrier function by modulating cecal microbiota and metabolomics in overfed Pekin ducks
title_short Astaxanthin supplementation enhances carcass performance, meat quality, and intestinal barrier function by modulating cecal microbiota and metabolomics in overfed Pekin ducks
title_sort astaxanthin supplementation enhances carcass performance meat quality and intestinal barrier function by modulating cecal microbiota and metabolomics in overfed pekin ducks
topic Astaxanthin
Carcass quality
Microbiota-metabolome
Intestinal barrier
Overfed Pekin ducks
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0032579125005528
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