Analysis of Failures and Protective Measures for Core Rods in Composite Long-Rod Insulators of Transmission Lines
Composite insulators are deployed globally for outdoor insulation owing to their light weight, excellent pollution resistance, good mechanical strength, ease of installation, and low maintenance costs. The core rod in composite long-rod insulators plays a critical role in both mechanical load-bearin...
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MDPI AG
2025-06-01
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| Series: | Energies |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/12/3138 |
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| author | Guohui Pang Zhijin Zhang Jianlin Hu Qin Hu Hualong Zheng Xingliang Jiang |
| author_facet | Guohui Pang Zhijin Zhang Jianlin Hu Qin Hu Hualong Zheng Xingliang Jiang |
| author_sort | Guohui Pang |
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| description | Composite insulators are deployed globally for outdoor insulation owing to their light weight, excellent pollution resistance, good mechanical strength, ease of installation, and low maintenance costs. The core rod in composite long-rod insulators plays a critical role in both mechanical load-bearing and internal insulation for overhead transmission lines, and its performance directly affects the overall operational condition of the insulator. However, it remains susceptible to failures induced by complex actions of mechanical, electrical, thermal, and environmental stresses. This paper systematically reviews the major failure modes of core rods, including mechanical failures (normal fracture, brittle fracture, and decay-like fracture) and electrical failures (flashunder and abnormal heating of the core rod). Through analysis of extensive field data and research findings, key failure mechanisms are identified. Preventive strategies encompassing material modification (such as superhydrophobic coatings, self-diagnostic materials, and self-healing epoxy resin), structural optimization (like the optimization of grading rings), and advanced inspection methods (such as IRT detection, Terahertz (THz) detection, X-ray computed tomography (XCT)) are proposed. Furthermore, the limitations of current technologies are discussed, emphasizing the need for in-depth studies on deterioration mechanisms, materials innovation, and defect detection technologies to enhance the long-term reliability of composite insulators in transmission networks. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-fade8ec7c325473aa3fc29ac99cd703f |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1996-1073 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Energies |
| spelling | doaj-art-fade8ec7c325473aa3fc29ac99cd703f2025-08-20T03:27:24ZengMDPI AGEnergies1996-10732025-06-011812313810.3390/en18123138Analysis of Failures and Protective Measures for Core Rods in Composite Long-Rod Insulators of Transmission LinesGuohui Pang0Zhijin Zhang1Jianlin Hu2Qin Hu3Hualong Zheng4Xingliang Jiang5Xuefeng Mountain Energy Equipment Safety National Observation and Research Station, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, ChinaXuefeng Mountain Energy Equipment Safety National Observation and Research Station, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, ChinaXuefeng Mountain Energy Equipment Safety National Observation and Research Station, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, ChinaXuefeng Mountain Energy Equipment Safety National Observation and Research Station, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, ChinaXuefeng Mountain Energy Equipment Safety National Observation and Research Station, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, ChinaXuefeng Mountain Energy Equipment Safety National Observation and Research Station, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, ChinaComposite insulators are deployed globally for outdoor insulation owing to their light weight, excellent pollution resistance, good mechanical strength, ease of installation, and low maintenance costs. The core rod in composite long-rod insulators plays a critical role in both mechanical load-bearing and internal insulation for overhead transmission lines, and its performance directly affects the overall operational condition of the insulator. However, it remains susceptible to failures induced by complex actions of mechanical, electrical, thermal, and environmental stresses. This paper systematically reviews the major failure modes of core rods, including mechanical failures (normal fracture, brittle fracture, and decay-like fracture) and electrical failures (flashunder and abnormal heating of the core rod). Through analysis of extensive field data and research findings, key failure mechanisms are identified. Preventive strategies encompassing material modification (such as superhydrophobic coatings, self-diagnostic materials, and self-healing epoxy resin), structural optimization (like the optimization of grading rings), and advanced inspection methods (such as IRT detection, Terahertz (THz) detection, X-ray computed tomography (XCT)) are proposed. Furthermore, the limitations of current technologies are discussed, emphasizing the need for in-depth studies on deterioration mechanisms, materials innovation, and defect detection technologies to enhance the long-term reliability of composite insulators in transmission networks.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/12/3138core rod failuredecay-like fractureflashundernon-destructive testingself-healing property |
| spellingShingle | Guohui Pang Zhijin Zhang Jianlin Hu Qin Hu Hualong Zheng Xingliang Jiang Analysis of Failures and Protective Measures for Core Rods in Composite Long-Rod Insulators of Transmission Lines Energies core rod failure decay-like fracture flashunder non-destructive testing self-healing property |
| title | Analysis of Failures and Protective Measures for Core Rods in Composite Long-Rod Insulators of Transmission Lines |
| title_full | Analysis of Failures and Protective Measures for Core Rods in Composite Long-Rod Insulators of Transmission Lines |
| title_fullStr | Analysis of Failures and Protective Measures for Core Rods in Composite Long-Rod Insulators of Transmission Lines |
| title_full_unstemmed | Analysis of Failures and Protective Measures for Core Rods in Composite Long-Rod Insulators of Transmission Lines |
| title_short | Analysis of Failures and Protective Measures for Core Rods in Composite Long-Rod Insulators of Transmission Lines |
| title_sort | analysis of failures and protective measures for core rods in composite long rod insulators of transmission lines |
| topic | core rod failure decay-like fracture flashunder non-destructive testing self-healing property |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/12/3138 |
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