Googling for Abortion: Search Engine Mediation of Abortion Accessibility in the United States

Among the myriad barriers to abortion access, crisis pregnancy centers (CPCs) pose an additional difficulty by targeting women with unexpected or “crisis” pregnancies in order to dissuade them from the procedure. Web search engines may prove to be another barrier, being in a powerful position to di...

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Main Authors: Yelena Mejova, Tatiana Gracyk, Ronald E. Robertson
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: HOPE 2022-02-01
Series:Journal of Quantitative Description: Digital Media
Subjects:
Online Access:https://journalqd.org/article/view/2752
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author Yelena Mejova
Tatiana Gracyk
Ronald E. Robertson
author_facet Yelena Mejova
Tatiana Gracyk
Ronald E. Robertson
author_sort Yelena Mejova
collection DOAJ
description Among the myriad barriers to abortion access, crisis pregnancy centers (CPCs) pose an additional difficulty by targeting women with unexpected or “crisis” pregnancies in order to dissuade them from the procedure. Web search engines may prove to be another barrier, being in a powerful position to direct their users to health information, and above all, health services. In this study we ask, to what degree does Google Search provide quality responses to users searching for an abortion provider, specifically in terms of directing them to abortion clinics (ACs) or CPCs. To answer this question, we considered the scenario of a woman searching for abortion services online, and conducted 10 abortion-related queries from 467 locations across the United States once a week for 14 weeks. Overall, among Google’s location results that feature businesses alongside a map, 79.4% were ACs, and 6.9% were CPCs. When an AC was returned, it was the closest known AC location 86.9% of the time. However, when a CPC appeared in a result set, it was the closest one to the search location 75.9% of the time. Examining correlates of AC results, we found that fewer AC results were returned for searches from poorer and rural areas, and those with TRAP laws governing AC facility and clinician requirements. We also observed that Google’s performance on our queries significantly improved following a major algorithm update. These results have important implications concerning health access quality and equity, both for individual users and public health policy.
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spelling doaj-art-fabd248c67a04ff0adff2cbcd7b1920f2025-08-20T04:01:57ZengHOPEJournal of Quantitative Description: Digital Media2673-88132022-02-01210.51685/jqd.2022.007Googling for Abortion: Search Engine Mediation of Abortion Accessibility in the United StatesYelena Mejova0Tatiana Gracyk1Ronald E. Robertson2ISI FoundationCleveland State UniversityNortheastern University Among the myriad barriers to abortion access, crisis pregnancy centers (CPCs) pose an additional difficulty by targeting women with unexpected or “crisis” pregnancies in order to dissuade them from the procedure. Web search engines may prove to be another barrier, being in a powerful position to direct their users to health information, and above all, health services. In this study we ask, to what degree does Google Search provide quality responses to users searching for an abortion provider, specifically in terms of directing them to abortion clinics (ACs) or CPCs. To answer this question, we considered the scenario of a woman searching for abortion services online, and conducted 10 abortion-related queries from 467 locations across the United States once a week for 14 weeks. Overall, among Google’s location results that feature businesses alongside a map, 79.4% were ACs, and 6.9% were CPCs. When an AC was returned, it was the closest known AC location 86.9% of the time. However, when a CPC appeared in a result set, it was the closest one to the search location 75.9% of the time. Examining correlates of AC results, we found that fewer AC results were returned for searches from poorer and rural areas, and those with TRAP laws governing AC facility and clinician requirements. We also observed that Google’s performance on our queries significantly improved following a major algorithm update. These results have important implications concerning health access quality and equity, both for individual users and public health policy. https://journalqd.org/article/view/2752abortionsearch enginesmedical accessGoogle
spellingShingle Yelena Mejova
Tatiana Gracyk
Ronald E. Robertson
Googling for Abortion: Search Engine Mediation of Abortion Accessibility in the United States
Journal of Quantitative Description: Digital Media
abortion
search engines
medical access
Google
title Googling for Abortion: Search Engine Mediation of Abortion Accessibility in the United States
title_full Googling for Abortion: Search Engine Mediation of Abortion Accessibility in the United States
title_fullStr Googling for Abortion: Search Engine Mediation of Abortion Accessibility in the United States
title_full_unstemmed Googling for Abortion: Search Engine Mediation of Abortion Accessibility in the United States
title_short Googling for Abortion: Search Engine Mediation of Abortion Accessibility in the United States
title_sort googling for abortion search engine mediation of abortion accessibility in the united states
topic abortion
search engines
medical access
Google
url https://journalqd.org/article/view/2752
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AT ronalderobertson googlingforabortionsearchenginemediationofabortionaccessibilityintheunitedstates