Monkeypox: Insights into virus morphology, clinical manifestations, and mitigation strategies in developing nations

Monkeypox is an emerging zoonotic disease caused by the monkeypox virus (MPXV) and shares similarities with the other Orthopoxviruses. This review aimed to explore the morphology of MPXV, clinical manifestations, and mitigation strategies in the developing nations. Clinically, MPXV resembles smallpo...

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Main Authors: Ram Bahadur Khadka, Khimdhoj Karki, Gautam Prasad Chaudhary, Jitendra Pandey
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: ResearchersLinks, Ltd 2023-08-01
Series:Novel Research in Microbiology Journal
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Online Access:https://nrmj.journals.ekb.eg/article_313345_390e9d51781a28d638383872808b973f.pdf
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author Ram Bahadur Khadka
Khimdhoj Karki
Gautam Prasad Chaudhary
Jitendra Pandey
author_facet Ram Bahadur Khadka
Khimdhoj Karki
Gautam Prasad Chaudhary
Jitendra Pandey
author_sort Ram Bahadur Khadka
collection DOAJ
description Monkeypox is an emerging zoonotic disease caused by the monkeypox virus (MPXV) and shares similarities with the other Orthopoxviruses. This review aimed to explore the morphology of MPXV, clinical manifestations, and mitigation strategies in the developing nations. Clinically, MPXV resembles smallpox. It has an unidentified natural host, despite it has been isolated from the rope squirrels and Sooty mangabeys. Transmission occurs through the respiratory excretions, saliva, contact with lesions, and potentially via the feces. The disease comprises a prodromal phase and subsequent skin rash. Originating in 1959 following a monkey outbreak in Copenhagen's research institute; the initial human case was documented in 1970 in the Democratic Republic of Congo. The virus subsequently dispersed globally; impacting several nations such as UK, USA, Israel, and Singapore. Thus, in addition to the healthcare infrastructure, combating monkeypox in the developing countries requires bolstering the disease surveillance, public awareness, diagnostic capabilities, and vaccination campaigns. Sustainable international collaboration and extensive scientific investigations are crucial for safeguarding the public health and preventing further spread of this viral disease.
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spelling doaj-art-faba9a3e85384ed49bbed4c3ebaaf05d2025-08-20T03:06:28ZengResearchersLinks, LtdNovel Research in Microbiology Journal2537-02862537-02942023-08-01742081209210.21608/nrmj.2023.313345Monkeypox: Insights into virus morphology, clinical manifestations, and mitigation strategies in developing nationsRam Bahadur Khadka0Khimdhoj Karki1Gautam Prasad Chaudhary2Jitendra Pandey3Department of laboratory science, Crimson College of Technology, Affiliated with Pokhara University, Butwal-11, Devinagar, Rupandehi, NepalDepartment of laboratory science, Crimson College of Technology, Affiliated with Pokhara University, Butwal-11, Devinagar, Rupandehi, NepalDepartment of Pharmacy, Crimson College of Technology, Affiliated with Pokhara University, Butwal-11, Devinagar, Rupandehi, NepalDepartment of Chemistry, University of Hawai’i at Manoa, 2545 McCarthy Mall, Honolulu, HI 96822, USAMonkeypox is an emerging zoonotic disease caused by the monkeypox virus (MPXV) and shares similarities with the other Orthopoxviruses. This review aimed to explore the morphology of MPXV, clinical manifestations, and mitigation strategies in the developing nations. Clinically, MPXV resembles smallpox. It has an unidentified natural host, despite it has been isolated from the rope squirrels and Sooty mangabeys. Transmission occurs through the respiratory excretions, saliva, contact with lesions, and potentially via the feces. The disease comprises a prodromal phase and subsequent skin rash. Originating in 1959 following a monkey outbreak in Copenhagen's research institute; the initial human case was documented in 1970 in the Democratic Republic of Congo. The virus subsequently dispersed globally; impacting several nations such as UK, USA, Israel, and Singapore. Thus, in addition to the healthcare infrastructure, combating monkeypox in the developing countries requires bolstering the disease surveillance, public awareness, diagnostic capabilities, and vaccination campaigns. Sustainable international collaboration and extensive scientific investigations are crucial for safeguarding the public health and preventing further spread of this viral disease.https://nrmj.journals.ekb.eg/article_313345_390e9d51781a28d638383872808b973f.pdfmonkeypoxzoonotic diseaseorthopoxvirusesclinical manifestationsmitigation strategies
spellingShingle Ram Bahadur Khadka
Khimdhoj Karki
Gautam Prasad Chaudhary
Jitendra Pandey
Monkeypox: Insights into virus morphology, clinical manifestations, and mitigation strategies in developing nations
Novel Research in Microbiology Journal
monkeypox
zoonotic disease
orthopoxviruses
clinical manifestations
mitigation strategies
title Monkeypox: Insights into virus morphology, clinical manifestations, and mitigation strategies in developing nations
title_full Monkeypox: Insights into virus morphology, clinical manifestations, and mitigation strategies in developing nations
title_fullStr Monkeypox: Insights into virus morphology, clinical manifestations, and mitigation strategies in developing nations
title_full_unstemmed Monkeypox: Insights into virus morphology, clinical manifestations, and mitigation strategies in developing nations
title_short Monkeypox: Insights into virus morphology, clinical manifestations, and mitigation strategies in developing nations
title_sort monkeypox insights into virus morphology clinical manifestations and mitigation strategies in developing nations
topic monkeypox
zoonotic disease
orthopoxviruses
clinical manifestations
mitigation strategies
url https://nrmj.journals.ekb.eg/article_313345_390e9d51781a28d638383872808b973f.pdf
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AT gautamprasadchaudhary monkeypoxinsightsintovirusmorphologyclinicalmanifestationsandmitigationstrategiesindevelopingnations
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