Renal injury in children with a congenital solitary kidney: A single center experience

Introduction/Objective. Reduced kidney length, low birth weight, obesity, and ipsilateral congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) are risk factors for renal injury (hypertension, proteinuria, and chronic kidney disease) in single-functioning kidneys. Our study aimed to investiga...

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Main Authors: Grabnar Jera, Rus Rina R.
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Serbian Medical Society 2025-01-01
Series:Srpski Arhiv za Celokupno Lekarstvo
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Online Access:https://doiserbia.nb.rs/img/doi/0370-8179/2025/0370-81792500025G.pdf
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author Grabnar Jera
Rus Rina R.
author_facet Grabnar Jera
Rus Rina R.
author_sort Grabnar Jera
collection DOAJ
description Introduction/Objective. Reduced kidney length, low birth weight, obesity, and ipsilateral congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) are risk factors for renal injury (hypertension, proteinuria, and chronic kidney disease) in single-functioning kidneys. Our study aimed to investigate the risk factors for renal injury and outcome in children with congenital solitary kidney (CSK). Methods. We collected data from the medical records of 95 children with CSK. Results. Children with CSK were predominantly male (61%). An abnormal ultrasound (US) view of a solitary kidney was found in nine (9%) and renal length below the 75th percentile in eight (11%) children. Seven (7%) children had low birth weight, 18 (20%) were obese, 26 (28%) had urinary tract infections, 24 (25%) had CAKUT and 28 (29%) were treated with an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor. Decreased glomerular filtration rate was found in three, proteinuria in 14 (15%), and arterial hypertension in 10 (11%) children. A total of 23 (24%) children met the criteria for renal injury. In multiple logistic regression, only US abnormalities approached significance (OR 5.6, p = 0.08). Compared to other studies, we had a higher percentage of an ACE inhibitor prescribed for renal protection. This could be the reason for the low percentage of renal injuries in our study. Conclusion. Monitoring blood pressure, proteinuria, and renal function might be of utmost importance, especially in children with CSK and abnormal US appearance. Additionally, further studies are needed to confirm the possible beneficial effect of renoprotective treatment in patients with CSK.
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spelling doaj-art-fa9b0b2760a84ad3a325c61fcbbd06eb2025-08-20T03:49:37ZengSerbian Medical SocietySrpski Arhiv za Celokupno Lekarstvo0370-81792406-08952025-01-011533-417618010.2298/SARH241114025G0370-81792500025GRenal injury in children with a congenital solitary kidney: A single center experienceGrabnar Jera0Rus Rina R.1https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7513-9435University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Children´s Hospital, Ljubljana, SloveniaUniversity Medical Centre Ljubljana, Children´s Hospital, Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Ljubljana, Slovenia + University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Medicine, Ljubljana, SloveniaIntroduction/Objective. Reduced kidney length, low birth weight, obesity, and ipsilateral congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) are risk factors for renal injury (hypertension, proteinuria, and chronic kidney disease) in single-functioning kidneys. Our study aimed to investigate the risk factors for renal injury and outcome in children with congenital solitary kidney (CSK). Methods. We collected data from the medical records of 95 children with CSK. Results. Children with CSK were predominantly male (61%). An abnormal ultrasound (US) view of a solitary kidney was found in nine (9%) and renal length below the 75th percentile in eight (11%) children. Seven (7%) children had low birth weight, 18 (20%) were obese, 26 (28%) had urinary tract infections, 24 (25%) had CAKUT and 28 (29%) were treated with an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor. Decreased glomerular filtration rate was found in three, proteinuria in 14 (15%), and arterial hypertension in 10 (11%) children. A total of 23 (24%) children met the criteria for renal injury. In multiple logistic regression, only US abnormalities approached significance (OR 5.6, p = 0.08). Compared to other studies, we had a higher percentage of an ACE inhibitor prescribed for renal protection. This could be the reason for the low percentage of renal injuries in our study. Conclusion. Monitoring blood pressure, proteinuria, and renal function might be of utmost importance, especially in children with CSK and abnormal US appearance. Additionally, further studies are needed to confirm the possible beneficial effect of renoprotective treatment in patients with CSK.https://doiserbia.nb.rs/img/doi/0370-8179/2025/0370-81792500025G.pdfsolitary kidneyrenal injuryrenoprotective treatmentace inhibitorchildrenabnormal ultrasound appearance
spellingShingle Grabnar Jera
Rus Rina R.
Renal injury in children with a congenital solitary kidney: A single center experience
Srpski Arhiv za Celokupno Lekarstvo
solitary kidney
renal injury
renoprotective treatment
ace inhibitor
children
abnormal ultrasound appearance
title Renal injury in children with a congenital solitary kidney: A single center experience
title_full Renal injury in children with a congenital solitary kidney: A single center experience
title_fullStr Renal injury in children with a congenital solitary kidney: A single center experience
title_full_unstemmed Renal injury in children with a congenital solitary kidney: A single center experience
title_short Renal injury in children with a congenital solitary kidney: A single center experience
title_sort renal injury in children with a congenital solitary kidney a single center experience
topic solitary kidney
renal injury
renoprotective treatment
ace inhibitor
children
abnormal ultrasound appearance
url https://doiserbia.nb.rs/img/doi/0370-8179/2025/0370-81792500025G.pdf
work_keys_str_mv AT grabnarjera renalinjuryinchildrenwithacongenitalsolitarykidneyasinglecenterexperience
AT rusrinar renalinjuryinchildrenwithacongenitalsolitarykidneyasinglecenterexperience