Effect of Soil-Applied Metabolic Modulators on the Accumulation of Specialized Metabolites in <i>Chelidonium majus</i> L.
Various metabolic modulators have been widely used in recent years to increase the accumulation of desired secondary metabolites in medicinal plants, although most studies to date have focused on in vitro systems. Although simpler and cheaper, their potential application in vivo is still limited. Th...
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2025-06-01
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| author | Maria Stasińska-Jakubas Sławomir Dresler Maciej Strzemski Magdalena Wójciak Katarzyna Rubinowska Barbara Hawrylak-Nowak |
| author_facet | Maria Stasińska-Jakubas Sławomir Dresler Maciej Strzemski Magdalena Wójciak Katarzyna Rubinowska Barbara Hawrylak-Nowak |
| author_sort | Maria Stasińska-Jakubas |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Various metabolic modulators have been widely used in recent years to increase the accumulation of desired secondary metabolites in medicinal plants, although most studies to date have focused on in vitro systems. Although simpler and cheaper, their potential application in vivo is still limited. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare the effect of three chemically different elicitors (150 mg/L chitosan lactate—ChL; 10 mg/L selenium as selenite—Se; 100 mg/L salicylic acid—SA) applied to the soil substrate on some aspects of the secondary metabolism and physiological responses of <i>Chelidonium majus</i> L. Using HPLC-DAD, six isoquinoline alkaloids were identified and quantified in shoot extracts. LC-ESI-TOF-MS analysis confirmed the molecular identity of all target alkaloids, supporting the identification. The strongest stimulatory effect on the accumulation of protopine, berberine, and allocryptopine was observed with the Se and SA treatment, whereas ChL was less effective. In turn, the dominant alkaloids (coptisine and chelidonine) remained unaffected. There was also an increase in total phenolic compounds, but not in soluble flavonols. The elicitor treatments caused an increase in the antioxidant activity of the plant extracts obtained. Regardless of the metabolic modulator type, the strongest effect was generally observed on days 7 and 10 after application. No visual signs of toxicity and no effect on shoot biomass were found, although some elicitor-induced changes in the oxidative status (increased H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> accumulation and enhanced lipid peroxidation) and free proline levels in leaves were observed. We suggest that Se or SA can be applied to <i>C</i>. <i>majus</i> grown in a controlled pot culture to obtain high-quality raw material and extracts with increased contents of valuable specialized metabolites and enhanced antioxidant capacity. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-fa8efd52488a483fa4b78fa7f69aa531 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-06-01 |
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| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj-art-fa8efd52488a483fa4b78fa7f69aa5312025-08-20T03:28:33ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492025-06-013013278210.3390/molecules30132782Effect of Soil-Applied Metabolic Modulators on the Accumulation of Specialized Metabolites in <i>Chelidonium majus</i> L.Maria Stasińska-Jakubas0Sławomir Dresler1Maciej Strzemski2Magdalena Wójciak3Katarzyna Rubinowska4Barbara Hawrylak-Nowak5Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, Faculty of Environmental Biology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 15, 20-950 Lublin, PolandDepartment of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4a, 20-093 Lublin, PolandDepartment of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4a, 20-093 Lublin, PolandDepartment of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4a, 20-093 Lublin, PolandDepartment of Botany and Plant Physiology, Faculty of Environmental Biology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 15, 20-950 Lublin, PolandDepartment of Botany and Plant Physiology, Faculty of Environmental Biology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 15, 20-950 Lublin, PolandVarious metabolic modulators have been widely used in recent years to increase the accumulation of desired secondary metabolites in medicinal plants, although most studies to date have focused on in vitro systems. Although simpler and cheaper, their potential application in vivo is still limited. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare the effect of three chemically different elicitors (150 mg/L chitosan lactate—ChL; 10 mg/L selenium as selenite—Se; 100 mg/L salicylic acid—SA) applied to the soil substrate on some aspects of the secondary metabolism and physiological responses of <i>Chelidonium majus</i> L. Using HPLC-DAD, six isoquinoline alkaloids were identified and quantified in shoot extracts. LC-ESI-TOF-MS analysis confirmed the molecular identity of all target alkaloids, supporting the identification. The strongest stimulatory effect on the accumulation of protopine, berberine, and allocryptopine was observed with the Se and SA treatment, whereas ChL was less effective. In turn, the dominant alkaloids (coptisine and chelidonine) remained unaffected. There was also an increase in total phenolic compounds, but not in soluble flavonols. The elicitor treatments caused an increase in the antioxidant activity of the plant extracts obtained. Regardless of the metabolic modulator type, the strongest effect was generally observed on days 7 and 10 after application. No visual signs of toxicity and no effect on shoot biomass were found, although some elicitor-induced changes in the oxidative status (increased H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> accumulation and enhanced lipid peroxidation) and free proline levels in leaves were observed. We suggest that Se or SA can be applied to <i>C</i>. <i>majus</i> grown in a controlled pot culture to obtain high-quality raw material and extracts with increased contents of valuable specialized metabolites and enhanced antioxidant capacity.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/30/13/2782elicitationsecondary metabolitesisoquinoline alkaloidsgreater celandinephytochemistry |
| spellingShingle | Maria Stasińska-Jakubas Sławomir Dresler Maciej Strzemski Magdalena Wójciak Katarzyna Rubinowska Barbara Hawrylak-Nowak Effect of Soil-Applied Metabolic Modulators on the Accumulation of Specialized Metabolites in <i>Chelidonium majus</i> L. Molecules elicitation secondary metabolites isoquinoline alkaloids greater celandine phytochemistry |
| title | Effect of Soil-Applied Metabolic Modulators on the Accumulation of Specialized Metabolites in <i>Chelidonium majus</i> L. |
| title_full | Effect of Soil-Applied Metabolic Modulators on the Accumulation of Specialized Metabolites in <i>Chelidonium majus</i> L. |
| title_fullStr | Effect of Soil-Applied Metabolic Modulators on the Accumulation of Specialized Metabolites in <i>Chelidonium majus</i> L. |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effect of Soil-Applied Metabolic Modulators on the Accumulation of Specialized Metabolites in <i>Chelidonium majus</i> L. |
| title_short | Effect of Soil-Applied Metabolic Modulators on the Accumulation of Specialized Metabolites in <i>Chelidonium majus</i> L. |
| title_sort | effect of soil applied metabolic modulators on the accumulation of specialized metabolites in i chelidonium majus i l |
| topic | elicitation secondary metabolites isoquinoline alkaloids greater celandine phytochemistry |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/30/13/2782 |
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