A comprehensive evaluation of the endocrine-disrupting effects of emerging organophosphate esters
The ubiquitous presence of organophosphate esters (OPEs) in the environment has prompted growing concerns about their potential health risks, particularly their endocrine-disrupting effects. This study comprehensively evaluated the endocrine-disrupting properties of six emerging OPEs: five aryl-OPEs...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Elsevier
2024-11-01
|
| Series: | Environment International |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0160412024007062 |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1850130042995081216 |
|---|---|
| author | Quan Zhang Liuqing Yang Huiyun Wang Chengwang Wu Rui Cao Meirong Zhao Guanyong Su Cui Wang |
| author_facet | Quan Zhang Liuqing Yang Huiyun Wang Chengwang Wu Rui Cao Meirong Zhao Guanyong Su Cui Wang |
| author_sort | Quan Zhang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The ubiquitous presence of organophosphate esters (OPEs) in the environment has prompted growing concerns about their potential health risks, particularly their endocrine-disrupting effects. This study comprehensively evaluated the endocrine-disrupting properties of six emerging OPEs: five aryl-OPEs (2-ethylhexyl diphenyl phosphate (EHDPP), tris (2-biphenylyl) phosphate (TBPP), resorcinol bis (diphenyl phosphate) (RDP), 4-hydroxyphenyl diphenyl phosphate (para-OH-TPHP), and 3-hydroxyphenyl diphenyl phosphate (meta-OH-TPHP) and one alkyl-OPE, triallyl phosphate (TAP). Our findings revealed that all tested aryl-OPEs exhibited antagonistic effects on one or more hormone receptors. Importantly, para-OH-TPHP demonstrated the most potent antagonistic activity, inhibiting estrogen receptor α (ERα), thyroid hormone receptor β (TRβ), glucocorticoid receptor (GR), and mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) with the concentration of test compounds showing 20 % relative inhibitory concentration (RIC20) value below 10−6 mol/L (M). RDP antagonized ERα and cortical receptors (GR and MR), TBPP affected TRβ and GR, while EHDPP and meta-OH-TPHP targeted MR. Regarding steroidogenesis, para-OH-TPHP significantly inhibited genes for estrogen (cyp19) and cortisol synthesis (cyp11b2), and along with meta-OH-TPHP, EHDPP, TAP, and RDP downregulated cyp11a1, a rate-limiting enzyme in hormone synthesis. All compounds caused malformations and swimming abnormalities in zebrafish embryos/larvae at concentrations of 10−7 M or higher, with para-OH-TPHP showing nearly 50 % peak induction. Furthermore, the six compounds tested influenced genes associated with the hypothalamic-pituitary–gonadal (HPG) axis in both zebrafish larvae and adult female zebrafish, in addition to affecting the reproductive behavior of zebrafish. A weighted scoring system was employed to rank the endocrine-disrupting potency of the OPEs, with para-OH-TPHP exhibiting the highest risk, followed by EHDPP, RDP, TBPP, meta-OH-TPHP, and TAP. Collectively, our results highlight the significant endocrine-disrupting effects of emerging OPEs, underscoring the urgent need for further research to assess their potential health implications. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-fa87bf216c144d74b039e1a8e5fa9bf6 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 0160-4120 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-11-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Environment International |
| spelling | doaj-art-fa87bf216c144d74b039e1a8e5fa9bf62025-08-20T02:32:48ZengElsevierEnvironment International0160-41202024-11-0119310912010.1016/j.envint.2024.109120A comprehensive evaluation of the endocrine-disrupting effects of emerging organophosphate estersQuan Zhang0Liuqing Yang1Huiyun Wang2Chengwang Wu3Rui Cao4Meirong Zhao5Guanyong Su6Cui Wang7College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310032, ChinaCollege of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310032, ChinaCollege of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310032, ChinaCollege of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310032, ChinaCollege of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310032, ChinaCollege of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310032, ChinaJiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, ChinaSchool of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China; Corresponding author.The ubiquitous presence of organophosphate esters (OPEs) in the environment has prompted growing concerns about their potential health risks, particularly their endocrine-disrupting effects. This study comprehensively evaluated the endocrine-disrupting properties of six emerging OPEs: five aryl-OPEs (2-ethylhexyl diphenyl phosphate (EHDPP), tris (2-biphenylyl) phosphate (TBPP), resorcinol bis (diphenyl phosphate) (RDP), 4-hydroxyphenyl diphenyl phosphate (para-OH-TPHP), and 3-hydroxyphenyl diphenyl phosphate (meta-OH-TPHP) and one alkyl-OPE, triallyl phosphate (TAP). Our findings revealed that all tested aryl-OPEs exhibited antagonistic effects on one or more hormone receptors. Importantly, para-OH-TPHP demonstrated the most potent antagonistic activity, inhibiting estrogen receptor α (ERα), thyroid hormone receptor β (TRβ), glucocorticoid receptor (GR), and mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) with the concentration of test compounds showing 20 % relative inhibitory concentration (RIC20) value below 10−6 mol/L (M). RDP antagonized ERα and cortical receptors (GR and MR), TBPP affected TRβ and GR, while EHDPP and meta-OH-TPHP targeted MR. Regarding steroidogenesis, para-OH-TPHP significantly inhibited genes for estrogen (cyp19) and cortisol synthesis (cyp11b2), and along with meta-OH-TPHP, EHDPP, TAP, and RDP downregulated cyp11a1, a rate-limiting enzyme in hormone synthesis. All compounds caused malformations and swimming abnormalities in zebrafish embryos/larvae at concentrations of 10−7 M or higher, with para-OH-TPHP showing nearly 50 % peak induction. Furthermore, the six compounds tested influenced genes associated with the hypothalamic-pituitary–gonadal (HPG) axis in both zebrafish larvae and adult female zebrafish, in addition to affecting the reproductive behavior of zebrafish. A weighted scoring system was employed to rank the endocrine-disrupting potency of the OPEs, with para-OH-TPHP exhibiting the highest risk, followed by EHDPP, RDP, TBPP, meta-OH-TPHP, and TAP. Collectively, our results highlight the significant endocrine-disrupting effects of emerging OPEs, underscoring the urgent need for further research to assess their potential health implications.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0160412024007062Emerging organophosphate estersHormone nuclear receptorsSteroidogenesisDevelopment toxicity |
| spellingShingle | Quan Zhang Liuqing Yang Huiyun Wang Chengwang Wu Rui Cao Meirong Zhao Guanyong Su Cui Wang A comprehensive evaluation of the endocrine-disrupting effects of emerging organophosphate esters Environment International Emerging organophosphate esters Hormone nuclear receptors Steroidogenesis Development toxicity |
| title | A comprehensive evaluation of the endocrine-disrupting effects of emerging organophosphate esters |
| title_full | A comprehensive evaluation of the endocrine-disrupting effects of emerging organophosphate esters |
| title_fullStr | A comprehensive evaluation of the endocrine-disrupting effects of emerging organophosphate esters |
| title_full_unstemmed | A comprehensive evaluation of the endocrine-disrupting effects of emerging organophosphate esters |
| title_short | A comprehensive evaluation of the endocrine-disrupting effects of emerging organophosphate esters |
| title_sort | comprehensive evaluation of the endocrine disrupting effects of emerging organophosphate esters |
| topic | Emerging organophosphate esters Hormone nuclear receptors Steroidogenesis Development toxicity |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0160412024007062 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT quanzhang acomprehensiveevaluationoftheendocrinedisruptingeffectsofemergingorganophosphateesters AT liuqingyang acomprehensiveevaluationoftheendocrinedisruptingeffectsofemergingorganophosphateesters AT huiyunwang acomprehensiveevaluationoftheendocrinedisruptingeffectsofemergingorganophosphateesters AT chengwangwu acomprehensiveevaluationoftheendocrinedisruptingeffectsofemergingorganophosphateesters AT ruicao acomprehensiveevaluationoftheendocrinedisruptingeffectsofemergingorganophosphateesters AT meirongzhao acomprehensiveevaluationoftheendocrinedisruptingeffectsofemergingorganophosphateesters AT guanyongsu acomprehensiveevaluationoftheendocrinedisruptingeffectsofemergingorganophosphateesters AT cuiwang acomprehensiveevaluationoftheendocrinedisruptingeffectsofemergingorganophosphateesters AT quanzhang comprehensiveevaluationoftheendocrinedisruptingeffectsofemergingorganophosphateesters AT liuqingyang comprehensiveevaluationoftheendocrinedisruptingeffectsofemergingorganophosphateesters AT huiyunwang comprehensiveevaluationoftheendocrinedisruptingeffectsofemergingorganophosphateesters AT chengwangwu comprehensiveevaluationoftheendocrinedisruptingeffectsofemergingorganophosphateesters AT ruicao comprehensiveevaluationoftheendocrinedisruptingeffectsofemergingorganophosphateesters AT meirongzhao comprehensiveevaluationoftheendocrinedisruptingeffectsofemergingorganophosphateesters AT guanyongsu comprehensiveevaluationoftheendocrinedisruptingeffectsofemergingorganophosphateesters AT cuiwang comprehensiveevaluationoftheendocrinedisruptingeffectsofemergingorganophosphateesters |