The Characteristics of A1-A2 β-Caseins in Milk and Their Effects on Human Health
Despite positive effects on nutrition, it has been reported that milk causes allergic reactions and many health problems. Allergic reaction to milk is called lactose intolerance, but it is estimated that this is not caused by lactose, but by the β -casein structure of milk, which varies depending on...
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Hasan Eleroğlu
2021-12-01
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| Series: | Turkish Journal of Agriculture: Food Science and Technology |
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| Online Access: | http://www.agrifoodscience.com/index.php/TURJAF/article/view/4869 |
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| author | Sema Yaman Fırıncıoğlu Hatice Nur Kılıç |
| author_facet | Sema Yaman Fırıncıoğlu Hatice Nur Kılıç |
| author_sort | Sema Yaman Fırıncıoğlu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Despite positive effects on nutrition, it has been reported that milk causes allergic reactions and many health problems. Allergic reaction to milk is called lactose intolerance, but it is estimated that this is not caused by lactose, but by the β -casein structure of milk, which varies depending on animal species. Although there are many fractions of β-casein in the structure of milk, especially A1 and A2 casein attract attention. A1 β -casein causes many health problems because it plays a role in the formation of the bioactive opioid peptide β-casomorphin-7 (β-CM-7). These health problems are allergic reactions, weakening of the immune system and slowing down of the gastro-intestinal system and some systemic diseases (cardiovascular disease, type 1 diabetes, autism, schizophrenia). The underdevelopment of gastro-intestinal system, especially in newborns, causes us to encounter these health problems more frequently. For this reason, the consumption of milk containing A1 β-casein, especially cow’s milk from culture breeds, is not recommended. Since BKM-7 (β-casomorphin-7) formed by A1 β-casein cannot occur in A2 β-casein, these health problems cannot be expected to be observed. However, A2 β-casein causes DPP4 (dipeptidyl peptidase 4) enzymes to be regulated in the body and a non-opioid effect is observed. It is recommended to consume goat’s milk and dairy products containing A2 β-casein in newborns, people with celiac disease and stomach disorders. Despite the lack of studies on the subject of A1 and A2 β-casein and the ongoing discussions, in this review, the importance and differences of A1 and A2 β-caseins in cow and goat milk were discussed and their effects on human health. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-fa7a1de161c144eab9ffb11e392bb28b |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2148-127X |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2021-12-01 |
| publisher | Hasan Eleroğlu |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Turkish Journal of Agriculture: Food Science and Technology |
| spelling | doaj-art-fa7a1de161c144eab9ffb11e392bb28b2025-08-20T03:06:29ZengHasan EleroğluTurkish Journal of Agriculture: Food Science and Technology2148-127X2021-12-019111973197910.24925/turjaf.v9i11.1973-1979.48692243The Characteristics of A1-A2 β-Caseins in Milk and Their Effects on Human HealthSema Yaman Fırıncıoğlu0Hatice Nur Kılıç1Department of Animal Production and Technologies, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technologies, Niğde Ömer Halisdemir University, 51240 NiğdeDepartment of Animal Production and Technologies, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technologies, Niğde Ömer Halisdemir University, 51240 NiğdeDespite positive effects on nutrition, it has been reported that milk causes allergic reactions and many health problems. Allergic reaction to milk is called lactose intolerance, but it is estimated that this is not caused by lactose, but by the β -casein structure of milk, which varies depending on animal species. Although there are many fractions of β-casein in the structure of milk, especially A1 and A2 casein attract attention. A1 β -casein causes many health problems because it plays a role in the formation of the bioactive opioid peptide β-casomorphin-7 (β-CM-7). These health problems are allergic reactions, weakening of the immune system and slowing down of the gastro-intestinal system and some systemic diseases (cardiovascular disease, type 1 diabetes, autism, schizophrenia). The underdevelopment of gastro-intestinal system, especially in newborns, causes us to encounter these health problems more frequently. For this reason, the consumption of milk containing A1 β-casein, especially cow’s milk from culture breeds, is not recommended. Since BKM-7 (β-casomorphin-7) formed by A1 β-casein cannot occur in A2 β-casein, these health problems cannot be expected to be observed. However, A2 β-casein causes DPP4 (dipeptidyl peptidase 4) enzymes to be regulated in the body and a non-opioid effect is observed. It is recommended to consume goat’s milk and dairy products containing A2 β-casein in newborns, people with celiac disease and stomach disorders. Despite the lack of studies on the subject of A1 and A2 β-casein and the ongoing discussions, in this review, the importance and differences of A1 and A2 β-caseins in cow and goat milk were discussed and their effects on human health.http://www.agrifoodscience.com/index.php/TURJAF/article/view/4869a1 ß-caseina2 ß-caseinbmc-7cow milkgoat milk |
| spellingShingle | Sema Yaman Fırıncıoğlu Hatice Nur Kılıç The Characteristics of A1-A2 β-Caseins in Milk and Their Effects on Human Health Turkish Journal of Agriculture: Food Science and Technology a1 ß-casein a2 ß-casein bmc-7 cow milk goat milk |
| title | The Characteristics of A1-A2 β-Caseins in Milk and Their Effects on Human Health |
| title_full | The Characteristics of A1-A2 β-Caseins in Milk and Their Effects on Human Health |
| title_fullStr | The Characteristics of A1-A2 β-Caseins in Milk and Their Effects on Human Health |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Characteristics of A1-A2 β-Caseins in Milk and Their Effects on Human Health |
| title_short | The Characteristics of A1-A2 β-Caseins in Milk and Their Effects on Human Health |
| title_sort | characteristics of a1 a2 β caseins in milk and their effects on human health |
| topic | a1 ß-casein a2 ß-casein bmc-7 cow milk goat milk |
| url | http://www.agrifoodscience.com/index.php/TURJAF/article/view/4869 |
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