New spirooxindole-thiazolidine derivatives as antiseizure agents: Biological evaluation and computational studies

Background: Oxindoles and spirooxindoles are considered privileged scaffolds in medicinal chemistry due to their diverse biological activities, which include anticonvulsant, anticancer, and antimicrobial properties. Their distinctive structural characteristics render them appealing targets for synth...

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Main Authors: Leila Emami, Leila Moezi, Pegah Mardaneh, Sara Sadeghian, Elaheh Ataollahi, Masoumeh Divar, Sahar Zarei, Saeed Agah, Razieh Sabet, Soghra Khabnadideh
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-05-01
Series:Results in Chemistry
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2211715625002267
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author Leila Emami
Leila Moezi
Pegah Mardaneh
Sara Sadeghian
Elaheh Ataollahi
Masoumeh Divar
Sahar Zarei
Saeed Agah
Razieh Sabet
Soghra Khabnadideh
author_facet Leila Emami
Leila Moezi
Pegah Mardaneh
Sara Sadeghian
Elaheh Ataollahi
Masoumeh Divar
Sahar Zarei
Saeed Agah
Razieh Sabet
Soghra Khabnadideh
author_sort Leila Emami
collection DOAJ
description Background: Oxindoles and spirooxindoles are considered privileged scaffolds in medicinal chemistry due to their diverse biological activities, which include anticonvulsant, anticancer, and antimicrobial properties. Their distinctive structural characteristics render them appealing targets for synthetic modification and the development of innovative therapeutic agents. Notably, their significance in pharmaceutical drug discovery arises from their capacity to interact with various biological targets implicated in disease pathogenesis. Objective: To evaluate the effects of several new spirooxindole derivatives in animal models of epilepsy, specifically using intravenous pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced epilepsy mouse models and maximal electroshock (MES) models. Methods: This research examined the anticonvulsant properties of spiroindole thiazolidine derivatives (A1-A8) through intraperitoneal administration of pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) and maximal electroshock (MES) seizure models in NMRI mice. The compounds were given via intraperitoneal injection, and the latency, occurrence, and duration of seizures were measured. To investigate interactions with the GABA-A receptor, molecular docking and dynamics simulations were carried out. Statistical analysis was performed using ANOVA, and the results were presented as means ± SEM. Results: Some spirooxindole derivatives exhibited anticonvulsant effects in animal models of epilepsy; however, this effect was not consistent across all models and compounds. Among the compounds evaluated, A6 and A8 emerged as the most effective anticonvulsants, demonstrating an elevation in seizure threshold at administered doses of 25, 50, and 100 mg/kg. Docking studies indicated that certain compounds may act as GABA-A agonists. Furthermore, a docking study revealed that compounds A4 and A6 exhibited lower binding energy as GABA-A agonists. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were also conducted, confirming that A6 exhibited excellent binding affinity for GABA aminotransferase. Conclusion: These findings suggest the potential of certain new spirooxindole derivatives as candidates for anticonvulsant drugs. However, further studies are required to validate these results and to explore their mechanisms of action.
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spelling doaj-art-fa773652dc914817b5aeba245318dcd92025-08-20T02:33:12ZengElsevierResults in Chemistry2211-71562025-05-011510224310.1016/j.rechem.2025.102243New spirooxindole-thiazolidine derivatives as antiseizure agents: Biological evaluation and computational studiesLeila Emami0Leila Moezi1Pegah Mardaneh2Sara Sadeghian3Elaheh Ataollahi4Masoumeh Divar5Sahar Zarei6Saeed Agah7Razieh Sabet8Soghra Khabnadideh9Pharmaceutical Sciences, Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IranDepartment of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IranMedicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.Pharmaceutical Sciences, Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IranDepartment of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.; Corresponding authors at: Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.Pharmaceutical Sciences, Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.; Corresponding authors at: Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.Background: Oxindoles and spirooxindoles are considered privileged scaffolds in medicinal chemistry due to their diverse biological activities, which include anticonvulsant, anticancer, and antimicrobial properties. Their distinctive structural characteristics render them appealing targets for synthetic modification and the development of innovative therapeutic agents. Notably, their significance in pharmaceutical drug discovery arises from their capacity to interact with various biological targets implicated in disease pathogenesis. Objective: To evaluate the effects of several new spirooxindole derivatives in animal models of epilepsy, specifically using intravenous pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced epilepsy mouse models and maximal electroshock (MES) models. Methods: This research examined the anticonvulsant properties of spiroindole thiazolidine derivatives (A1-A8) through intraperitoneal administration of pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) and maximal electroshock (MES) seizure models in NMRI mice. The compounds were given via intraperitoneal injection, and the latency, occurrence, and duration of seizures were measured. To investigate interactions with the GABA-A receptor, molecular docking and dynamics simulations were carried out. Statistical analysis was performed using ANOVA, and the results were presented as means ± SEM. Results: Some spirooxindole derivatives exhibited anticonvulsant effects in animal models of epilepsy; however, this effect was not consistent across all models and compounds. Among the compounds evaluated, A6 and A8 emerged as the most effective anticonvulsants, demonstrating an elevation in seizure threshold at administered doses of 25, 50, and 100 mg/kg. Docking studies indicated that certain compounds may act as GABA-A agonists. Furthermore, a docking study revealed that compounds A4 and A6 exhibited lower binding energy as GABA-A agonists. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were also conducted, confirming that A6 exhibited excellent binding affinity for GABA aminotransferase. Conclusion: These findings suggest the potential of certain new spirooxindole derivatives as candidates for anticonvulsant drugs. However, further studies are required to validate these results and to explore their mechanisms of action.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2211715625002267SpirooxindoleThiazolidineAnticonvulsantPentylenetetrazoleDocking studyMice
spellingShingle Leila Emami
Leila Moezi
Pegah Mardaneh
Sara Sadeghian
Elaheh Ataollahi
Masoumeh Divar
Sahar Zarei
Saeed Agah
Razieh Sabet
Soghra Khabnadideh
New spirooxindole-thiazolidine derivatives as antiseizure agents: Biological evaluation and computational studies
Results in Chemistry
Spirooxindole
Thiazolidine
Anticonvulsant
Pentylenetetrazole
Docking study
Mice
title New spirooxindole-thiazolidine derivatives as antiseizure agents: Biological evaluation and computational studies
title_full New spirooxindole-thiazolidine derivatives as antiseizure agents: Biological evaluation and computational studies
title_fullStr New spirooxindole-thiazolidine derivatives as antiseizure agents: Biological evaluation and computational studies
title_full_unstemmed New spirooxindole-thiazolidine derivatives as antiseizure agents: Biological evaluation and computational studies
title_short New spirooxindole-thiazolidine derivatives as antiseizure agents: Biological evaluation and computational studies
title_sort new spirooxindole thiazolidine derivatives as antiseizure agents biological evaluation and computational studies
topic Spirooxindole
Thiazolidine
Anticonvulsant
Pentylenetetrazole
Docking study
Mice
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2211715625002267
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