DNA metabarcoding provides new insight into the diet of invasive chital deer (Axis axis) in a tropical savanna landscape

Abstract The introduction of non‐native species into new environments can cause significant ecological harm and is considered a major conservation threat. As populations of invasive species continue to establish and increase across the globe, novel methods can provide new insights into their biology...

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Main Authors: Matthew J. Quin, Ben T. Hirsch, Lin Schwarzkopf, Kurt Watter, Anthony Pople, Jan M. Strugnell
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2025-06-01
Series:Ecosphere
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.70288
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author Matthew J. Quin
Ben T. Hirsch
Lin Schwarzkopf
Kurt Watter
Anthony Pople
Jan M. Strugnell
author_facet Matthew J. Quin
Ben T. Hirsch
Lin Schwarzkopf
Kurt Watter
Anthony Pople
Jan M. Strugnell
author_sort Matthew J. Quin
collection DOAJ
description Abstract The introduction of non‐native species into new environments can cause significant ecological harm and is considered a major conservation threat. As populations of invasive species continue to establish and increase across the globe, novel methods can provide new insights into their biology and potentially aid in management. In this study, we examined the diet of non‐native chital deer (Axis axis) in a tropical savanna environment in northern Australia. Using DNA metabarcoding of fecal samples, we described the dietary items consumed by 149 individuals over a two‐year sampling period and associated each item with individual body condition. The DNA metabarcoding method detected significantly more dietary items consumed by individual chital deer at each of the taxonomic levels (family, genus, and species) when compared with previous analyses. We observed marked differences in diet composition across multiple seasons and sites. Significantly more sequences from the genera Terminalia, Diospyros, Jasminum, and Hakea were detected in samples collected from individuals in poor condition during the dry season, suggesting that a different suite of food resources is being consumed by a subset of individuals during periods when forage quantity and quality is low. Most notably, our results indicated that chital are consuming a browse‐dominated diet throughout the year, differing from previous macroscopy analyses which suggested chital are predominantly grazers during the wet season in northern Australia. Our findings give support for the use of DNA metabarcoding to qualitatively assess diet composition compared to macroscopic analysis and suggest that the restricted availability of food during the dry season may result in the consumption of poor quality and detrimental dietary items.
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spelling doaj-art-fa6af81286d04dd881e7a9f22ec53b8e2025-08-20T03:30:32ZengWileyEcosphere2150-89252025-06-01166n/an/a10.1002/ecs2.70288DNA metabarcoding provides new insight into the diet of invasive chital deer (Axis axis) in a tropical savanna landscapeMatthew J. Quin0Ben T. Hirsch1Lin Schwarzkopf2Kurt Watter3Anthony Pople4Jan M. Strugnell5College of Science and Engineering James Cook University Townsville Queensland AustraliaCollege of Science and Engineering James Cook University Townsville Queensland AustraliaCollege of Science and Engineering James Cook University Townsville Queensland AustraliaSchool of Agriculture and Food Sciences The University of Queensland Gatton Queensland AustraliaDepartment of Agriculture and Fisheries Biosecurity Queensland Dutton Park Queensland AustraliaCollege of Science and Engineering James Cook University Townsville Queensland AustraliaAbstract The introduction of non‐native species into new environments can cause significant ecological harm and is considered a major conservation threat. As populations of invasive species continue to establish and increase across the globe, novel methods can provide new insights into their biology and potentially aid in management. In this study, we examined the diet of non‐native chital deer (Axis axis) in a tropical savanna environment in northern Australia. Using DNA metabarcoding of fecal samples, we described the dietary items consumed by 149 individuals over a two‐year sampling period and associated each item with individual body condition. The DNA metabarcoding method detected significantly more dietary items consumed by individual chital deer at each of the taxonomic levels (family, genus, and species) when compared with previous analyses. We observed marked differences in diet composition across multiple seasons and sites. Significantly more sequences from the genera Terminalia, Diospyros, Jasminum, and Hakea were detected in samples collected from individuals in poor condition during the dry season, suggesting that a different suite of food resources is being consumed by a subset of individuals during periods when forage quantity and quality is low. Most notably, our results indicated that chital are consuming a browse‐dominated diet throughout the year, differing from previous macroscopy analyses which suggested chital are predominantly grazers during the wet season in northern Australia. Our findings give support for the use of DNA metabarcoding to qualitatively assess diet composition compared to macroscopic analysis and suggest that the restricted availability of food during the dry season may result in the consumption of poor quality and detrimental dietary items.https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.70288Axis axisbody conditionchitaldeerdietdrought
spellingShingle Matthew J. Quin
Ben T. Hirsch
Lin Schwarzkopf
Kurt Watter
Anthony Pople
Jan M. Strugnell
DNA metabarcoding provides new insight into the diet of invasive chital deer (Axis axis) in a tropical savanna landscape
Ecosphere
Axis axis
body condition
chital
deer
diet
drought
title DNA metabarcoding provides new insight into the diet of invasive chital deer (Axis axis) in a tropical savanna landscape
title_full DNA metabarcoding provides new insight into the diet of invasive chital deer (Axis axis) in a tropical savanna landscape
title_fullStr DNA metabarcoding provides new insight into the diet of invasive chital deer (Axis axis) in a tropical savanna landscape
title_full_unstemmed DNA metabarcoding provides new insight into the diet of invasive chital deer (Axis axis) in a tropical savanna landscape
title_short DNA metabarcoding provides new insight into the diet of invasive chital deer (Axis axis) in a tropical savanna landscape
title_sort dna metabarcoding provides new insight into the diet of invasive chital deer axis axis in a tropical savanna landscape
topic Axis axis
body condition
chital
deer
diet
drought
url https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.70288
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