Engineered <i>Chlamydomonas reinhardtii</i> Strains for Enhanced Astaxanthin Production

Microalgae have evolved a diverse carotenoid profile, enabling efficient light harvesting and photoprotection. Previous studies have demonstrated the feasibility of genome editing in the green algal model species <i>Chlamydomonas reinhardtii</i>, leading to significant modifications in c...

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Main Authors: Federico Perozeni, Margherita Angelini, Matteo Ballottari, Stefano Cazzaniga
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-05-01
Series:Life
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1729/15/5/813
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author Federico Perozeni
Margherita Angelini
Matteo Ballottari
Stefano Cazzaniga
author_facet Federico Perozeni
Margherita Angelini
Matteo Ballottari
Stefano Cazzaniga
author_sort Federico Perozeni
collection DOAJ
description Microalgae have evolved a diverse carotenoid profile, enabling efficient light harvesting and photoprotection. Previous studies have demonstrated the feasibility of genome editing in the green algal model species <i>Chlamydomonas reinhardtii</i>, leading to significant modifications in carotenoid accumulation. By overexpressing a fully redesigned β-carotene ketolase (bkt), the metabolic pathway of <i>C. reinhardtii</i> was successfully redirected toward astaxanthin biosynthesis, a high-value ketocarotenoid with exceptional antioxidant properties, naturally found in only a few microalgal species. In this study, a tailor-made double knockout targeting lycopene ε-cyclase (LCYE) and zeaxanthin epoxidase (ZEP) was introduced as a background for bkt expression to ensure higher substrate availability for bkt enzyme. The increased zeaxanthin availability resulted in a 2-fold increase in ketocarotenoid accumulation compared to the previously engineered bkt1 or bkt5 strain in the UVM4 background. Specifically, the best Δzl-<i>bkt</i>-expressing lines reached 2.84 mg/L under low light and 2.58 mg/L under high light, compared to 1.74 mg/L and 1.26 mg/L, respectively, in UVM4-<i>bkt</i> strains. These findings highlight the potential of rationally designed microalgal host strains, developed through genome editing, for biotechnological applications and high-value compound production.
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spelling doaj-art-fa5c4c1b17d145bc88f80720dc2696372025-08-20T02:33:47ZengMDPI AGLife2075-17292025-05-0115581310.3390/life15050813Engineered <i>Chlamydomonas reinhardtii</i> Strains for Enhanced Astaxanthin ProductionFederico Perozeni0Margherita Angelini1Matteo Ballottari2Stefano Cazzaniga3Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, ItalyDepartment of Biotechnology, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, ItalyDepartment of Biotechnology, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, ItalyDepartment of Biotechnology, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, ItalyMicroalgae have evolved a diverse carotenoid profile, enabling efficient light harvesting and photoprotection. Previous studies have demonstrated the feasibility of genome editing in the green algal model species <i>Chlamydomonas reinhardtii</i>, leading to significant modifications in carotenoid accumulation. By overexpressing a fully redesigned β-carotene ketolase (bkt), the metabolic pathway of <i>C. reinhardtii</i> was successfully redirected toward astaxanthin biosynthesis, a high-value ketocarotenoid with exceptional antioxidant properties, naturally found in only a few microalgal species. In this study, a tailor-made double knockout targeting lycopene ε-cyclase (LCYE) and zeaxanthin epoxidase (ZEP) was introduced as a background for bkt expression to ensure higher substrate availability for bkt enzyme. The increased zeaxanthin availability resulted in a 2-fold increase in ketocarotenoid accumulation compared to the previously engineered bkt1 or bkt5 strain in the UVM4 background. Specifically, the best Δzl-<i>bkt</i>-expressing lines reached 2.84 mg/L under low light and 2.58 mg/L under high light, compared to 1.74 mg/L and 1.26 mg/L, respectively, in UVM4-<i>bkt</i> strains. These findings highlight the potential of rationally designed microalgal host strains, developed through genome editing, for biotechnological applications and high-value compound production.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1729/15/5/813astaxanthinmicroalgae<i>Chlamydomonas reinhardtii</i>metabolic engineeringcarotenoids
spellingShingle Federico Perozeni
Margherita Angelini
Matteo Ballottari
Stefano Cazzaniga
Engineered <i>Chlamydomonas reinhardtii</i> Strains for Enhanced Astaxanthin Production
Life
astaxanthin
microalgae
<i>Chlamydomonas reinhardtii</i>
metabolic engineering
carotenoids
title Engineered <i>Chlamydomonas reinhardtii</i> Strains for Enhanced Astaxanthin Production
title_full Engineered <i>Chlamydomonas reinhardtii</i> Strains for Enhanced Astaxanthin Production
title_fullStr Engineered <i>Chlamydomonas reinhardtii</i> Strains for Enhanced Astaxanthin Production
title_full_unstemmed Engineered <i>Chlamydomonas reinhardtii</i> Strains for Enhanced Astaxanthin Production
title_short Engineered <i>Chlamydomonas reinhardtii</i> Strains for Enhanced Astaxanthin Production
title_sort engineered i chlamydomonas reinhardtii i strains for enhanced astaxanthin production
topic astaxanthin
microalgae
<i>Chlamydomonas reinhardtii</i>
metabolic engineering
carotenoids
url https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1729/15/5/813
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AT stefanocazzaniga engineeredichlamydomonasreinhardtiiistrainsforenhancedastaxanthinproduction