The SMHP™ position statement on therapeutic carbohydrate reduction for type 1 diabetes

This article presents the position of the Society of Metabolic Health Practitioners (SMHP) regarding therapeutic carbohydrate reduction (TCR) nutrition interventions for type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). A modified Delphi methodology was used to arrive at a consensus consisting of several focus group...

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Main Authors: Tro Kalayjian, Beth J. McNally, Matthew W. Calkins, Mark T. Cucuzzella, Robert Cywes, Hayden Dikeman, David T. Dikeman, Evelyne Bourdua-Roy, Sarah M. Rice, Ian Lake, Laura A. Buchanan, Douglas B. Reynolds, Mirian Kalamian, Eric C. Westman
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: AOSIS 2024-11-01
Series:Journal of Metabolic Health
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Online Access:https://journalofmetabolichealth.org/index.php/jmh/article/view/100
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author Tro Kalayjian
Beth J. McNally
Matthew W. Calkins
Mark T. Cucuzzella
Robert Cywes
Hayden Dikeman
David T. Dikeman
Evelyne Bourdua-Roy
Sarah M. Rice
Ian Lake
Laura A. Buchanan
Douglas B. Reynolds
Mirian Kalamian
Eric C. Westman
author_facet Tro Kalayjian
Beth J. McNally
Matthew W. Calkins
Mark T. Cucuzzella
Robert Cywes
Hayden Dikeman
David T. Dikeman
Evelyne Bourdua-Roy
Sarah M. Rice
Ian Lake
Laura A. Buchanan
Douglas B. Reynolds
Mirian Kalamian
Eric C. Westman
author_sort Tro Kalayjian
collection DOAJ
description This article presents the position of the Society of Metabolic Health Practitioners (SMHP) regarding therapeutic carbohydrate reduction (TCR) nutrition interventions for type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). A modified Delphi methodology was used to arrive at a consensus consisting of several focus groups, multiple rounds, and an anonymous survey. The field of endocrinology has seen many new advances for the treatment of T1DM including hybrid closed-loop insulin delivery systems and continuous glucose monitors for better glycaemic control, monoclonal antibodies to delay the onset of disease and increased access to paediatric endocrinologists, among many other noteworthy achievements. Despite these advancements, standard of care approaches to T1DM result in higher than acceptable morbidity and mortality, with a high prevalence of microvascular and macrovascular complications. Insulin resistance in type 1 diabetes is an independent risk factor for adverse outcomes even in well controlled type 1 diabetes. In 2021, only 21% of adults with T1DM in the United States achieved the American Diabetes Association’s (ADA’s) target haemoglobin A1C goal of 7.0%, while data in the paediatric and adolescent population have demonstrated worse glycaemic control. Supported by observational and interventional evidence, the SMHP advocates for the reevaluation of the prevailing nutritional therapy for T1DM with more broad consideration for TCR. The SMHP recommends open access and clinical support for TCR nutrition interventions for individuals with T1DM of all ages and calls upon the medical community to help foster more attention and research on TCR for T1DM.
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spelling doaj-art-fa58221e4e6b43619e2d0798bfcca0162025-08-20T02:50:40ZengAOSISJournal of Metabolic Health2960-03912024-11-0171e1e910.4102/jmh.v7i1.10055The SMHP™ position statement on therapeutic carbohydrate reduction for type 1 diabetesTro Kalayjian0Beth J. McNally1Matthew W. Calkins2Mark T. Cucuzzella3Robert Cywes4Hayden Dikeman5David T. Dikeman6Evelyne Bourdua-Roy7Sarah M. Rice8Ian Lake9Laura A. Buchanan10Douglas B. Reynolds11Mirian Kalamian12Eric C. Westman13Department of Medicine, Greenwich Hospital/Yale New Haven Health, Greenwich, ConnecticutPrivate Practice Nutritionist, Kingston, OntarioDepartment of Family Medicine, Atrium One Health, Rural HallDepartment of Family Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West VirginiaPrivate Practice Doctor, Jupiter, FloridaDepartment of Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GeorgiaDepartment of Biology, Baylor University, Waco, TexasPrivate Practice Doctor, QuebecPrivate Research and editing, Cape Town,Private Practice Doctor, GloucesterDepartment of Telemedicine, Toward Health, Tappan, New York StateSociety of Metabolic Health Practitioners, San Diego, CaliforniaPrivate Practice Nutritionist, Hamilton, MontanaDepartment of Medicine, Duke University Health System, Durham, North CarolinaThis article presents the position of the Society of Metabolic Health Practitioners (SMHP) regarding therapeutic carbohydrate reduction (TCR) nutrition interventions for type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). A modified Delphi methodology was used to arrive at a consensus consisting of several focus groups, multiple rounds, and an anonymous survey. The field of endocrinology has seen many new advances for the treatment of T1DM including hybrid closed-loop insulin delivery systems and continuous glucose monitors for better glycaemic control, monoclonal antibodies to delay the onset of disease and increased access to paediatric endocrinologists, among many other noteworthy achievements. Despite these advancements, standard of care approaches to T1DM result in higher than acceptable morbidity and mortality, with a high prevalence of microvascular and macrovascular complications. Insulin resistance in type 1 diabetes is an independent risk factor for adverse outcomes even in well controlled type 1 diabetes. In 2021, only 21% of adults with T1DM in the United States achieved the American Diabetes Association’s (ADA’s) target haemoglobin A1C goal of 7.0%, while data in the paediatric and adolescent population have demonstrated worse glycaemic control. Supported by observational and interventional evidence, the SMHP advocates for the reevaluation of the prevailing nutritional therapy for T1DM with more broad consideration for TCR. The SMHP recommends open access and clinical support for TCR nutrition interventions for individuals with T1DM of all ages and calls upon the medical community to help foster more attention and research on TCR for T1DM.https://journalofmetabolichealth.org/index.php/jmh/article/view/100type 1 diabetes mellitustherapeutic carbohydrate reductionlow-carbohydrate dietketogenic dietvery low-carbohydrate dietglycaemic controldouble diabetesinsulin resistance.
spellingShingle Tro Kalayjian
Beth J. McNally
Matthew W. Calkins
Mark T. Cucuzzella
Robert Cywes
Hayden Dikeman
David T. Dikeman
Evelyne Bourdua-Roy
Sarah M. Rice
Ian Lake
Laura A. Buchanan
Douglas B. Reynolds
Mirian Kalamian
Eric C. Westman
The SMHP™ position statement on therapeutic carbohydrate reduction for type 1 diabetes
Journal of Metabolic Health
type 1 diabetes mellitus
therapeutic carbohydrate reduction
low-carbohydrate diet
ketogenic diet
very low-carbohydrate diet
glycaemic control
double diabetes
insulin resistance.
title The SMHP™ position statement on therapeutic carbohydrate reduction for type 1 diabetes
title_full The SMHP™ position statement on therapeutic carbohydrate reduction for type 1 diabetes
title_fullStr The SMHP™ position statement on therapeutic carbohydrate reduction for type 1 diabetes
title_full_unstemmed The SMHP™ position statement on therapeutic carbohydrate reduction for type 1 diabetes
title_short The SMHP™ position statement on therapeutic carbohydrate reduction for type 1 diabetes
title_sort smhp™ position statement on therapeutic carbohydrate reduction for type 1 diabetes
topic type 1 diabetes mellitus
therapeutic carbohydrate reduction
low-carbohydrate diet
ketogenic diet
very low-carbohydrate diet
glycaemic control
double diabetes
insulin resistance.
url https://journalofmetabolichealth.org/index.php/jmh/article/view/100
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