Catalytic Activity of Water-Soluble Palladium Nanoparticles with Anionic and Cationic Capping Ligands for Reduction, Oxidation, and C-C Coupling Reactions in Water
The availability of water-soluble nanoparticles allows catalytic reactions to occur in highly desirable green environments. The catalytic activity and selectivity of water-soluble palladium nanoparticles capped with 6-(carboxylate)hexanethiolate (C6-PdNP) and 5-(trimethylammonio)pentanethiolate (C5-...
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MDPI AG
2025-03-01
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| author | Jan W. Farag Ragaa Khalil Edwin Avila Young-Seok Shon |
| author_facet | Jan W. Farag Ragaa Khalil Edwin Avila Young-Seok Shon |
| author_sort | Jan W. Farag |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The availability of water-soluble nanoparticles allows catalytic reactions to occur in highly desirable green environments. The catalytic activity and selectivity of water-soluble palladium nanoparticles capped with 6-(carboxylate)hexanethiolate (C6-PdNP) and 5-(trimethylammonio)pentanethiolate (C5-PdNP) were investigated for the reduction of 4-nitrophenol, the oxidation of α,β-conjugated aldehydes, and the C-C coupling of phenylboronic acid. The study showed that between the two PdNPs, C6-PdNP exhibits better catalytic activity for the reduction of 4-nitrophenol to 4-aminophenol in the presence of sodium borohydride and the selective oxidation of conjugated aldehydes to conjugated carboxylic acids. For the latter reaction, molecular hydrogen (H<sub>2</sub>) and H<sub>2</sub>O act as oxidants for the surface palladium atoms on PdNPs and conjugated aldehyde substrates, respectively. The results indicated that the competing addition activities of Pd-H and H<sub>2</sub>O toward the π-bond of different unsaturated substrates promote either reduction or oxidation reactions under mild conditions in organic solvent-free environments. In comparison, C5-PdNP exhibited higher catalytic activity for the C-C coupling of phenylboronic acid. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was mainly used as an analytical technique to examine the products of catalytic reactions. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-fa46c6b2f0cb4a9aa5df2b21812294a0 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2079-4991 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Nanomaterials |
| spelling | doaj-art-fa46c6b2f0cb4a9aa5df2b21812294a02025-08-20T02:06:12ZengMDPI AGNanomaterials2079-49912025-03-0115540510.3390/nano15050405Catalytic Activity of Water-Soluble Palladium Nanoparticles with Anionic and Cationic Capping Ligands for Reduction, Oxidation, and C-C Coupling Reactions in WaterJan W. Farag0Ragaa Khalil1Edwin Avila2Young-Seok Shon3Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University Long Beach, 1250 Bellflower Blvd., Long Beach, CA 90840, USADepartment of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University Long Beach, 1250 Bellflower Blvd., Long Beach, CA 90840, USADepartment of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University Long Beach, 1250 Bellflower Blvd., Long Beach, CA 90840, USADepartment of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University Long Beach, 1250 Bellflower Blvd., Long Beach, CA 90840, USAThe availability of water-soluble nanoparticles allows catalytic reactions to occur in highly desirable green environments. The catalytic activity and selectivity of water-soluble palladium nanoparticles capped with 6-(carboxylate)hexanethiolate (C6-PdNP) and 5-(trimethylammonio)pentanethiolate (C5-PdNP) were investigated for the reduction of 4-nitrophenol, the oxidation of α,β-conjugated aldehydes, and the C-C coupling of phenylboronic acid. The study showed that between the two PdNPs, C6-PdNP exhibits better catalytic activity for the reduction of 4-nitrophenol to 4-aminophenol in the presence of sodium borohydride and the selective oxidation of conjugated aldehydes to conjugated carboxylic acids. For the latter reaction, molecular hydrogen (H<sub>2</sub>) and H<sub>2</sub>O act as oxidants for the surface palladium atoms on PdNPs and conjugated aldehyde substrates, respectively. The results indicated that the competing addition activities of Pd-H and H<sub>2</sub>O toward the π-bond of different unsaturated substrates promote either reduction or oxidation reactions under mild conditions in organic solvent-free environments. In comparison, C5-PdNP exhibited higher catalytic activity for the C-C coupling of phenylboronic acid. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was mainly used as an analytical technique to examine the products of catalytic reactions.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/15/5/405nanoparticlespalladiumreductionoxidationcouplingcatalysis |
| spellingShingle | Jan W. Farag Ragaa Khalil Edwin Avila Young-Seok Shon Catalytic Activity of Water-Soluble Palladium Nanoparticles with Anionic and Cationic Capping Ligands for Reduction, Oxidation, and C-C Coupling Reactions in Water Nanomaterials nanoparticles palladium reduction oxidation coupling catalysis |
| title | Catalytic Activity of Water-Soluble Palladium Nanoparticles with Anionic and Cationic Capping Ligands for Reduction, Oxidation, and C-C Coupling Reactions in Water |
| title_full | Catalytic Activity of Water-Soluble Palladium Nanoparticles with Anionic and Cationic Capping Ligands for Reduction, Oxidation, and C-C Coupling Reactions in Water |
| title_fullStr | Catalytic Activity of Water-Soluble Palladium Nanoparticles with Anionic and Cationic Capping Ligands for Reduction, Oxidation, and C-C Coupling Reactions in Water |
| title_full_unstemmed | Catalytic Activity of Water-Soluble Palladium Nanoparticles with Anionic and Cationic Capping Ligands for Reduction, Oxidation, and C-C Coupling Reactions in Water |
| title_short | Catalytic Activity of Water-Soluble Palladium Nanoparticles with Anionic and Cationic Capping Ligands for Reduction, Oxidation, and C-C Coupling Reactions in Water |
| title_sort | catalytic activity of water soluble palladium nanoparticles with anionic and cationic capping ligands for reduction oxidation and c c coupling reactions in water |
| topic | nanoparticles palladium reduction oxidation coupling catalysis |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/15/5/405 |
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