Visualization of the existence of LEAP2 in the nucleus accumbens and its role in amphetamine-induced locomotor activity

Abstract The nucleus accumbens (NAcc) is a key brain region in reward circuitry, mediating responses to psychostimulants, such as amphetamine (AMPH), including locomotor activity. This effect is known to be enhanced by the orexigenic neuropeptide ghrelin acting through growth hormone-secretagogue re...

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Main Authors: Seohyeon Lee, Ga Young Yoo, Hyung Shin Yoon, Jeong-Hoon Kim
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-07-01
Series:Molecular Brain
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s13041-025-01227-5
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author Seohyeon Lee
Ga Young Yoo
Hyung Shin Yoon
Jeong-Hoon Kim
author_facet Seohyeon Lee
Ga Young Yoo
Hyung Shin Yoon
Jeong-Hoon Kim
author_sort Seohyeon Lee
collection DOAJ
description Abstract The nucleus accumbens (NAcc) is a key brain region in reward circuitry, mediating responses to psychostimulants, such as amphetamine (AMPH), including locomotor activity. This effect is known to be enhanced by the orexigenic neuropeptide ghrelin acting through growth hormone-secretagogue receptors (GHSR) expressed in the region. Recently, liver-expressed antimicrobial peptide 2 (LEAP2) was identified as another ligand for GHSR that opposes ghrelin’s action. Based on its antagonism, we hypothesized that LEAP2 modulates AMPH-induced locomotor activity in the NAcc. To examine this, we first confirmed the presence of LEAP2 protein in this NAcc and observed that its fluorescent signals were predominantly localized in neurons, including medium spiny neurons (MSNs). We then investigated whether LEAP2 microinjection alters AMPH-induced locomotor activity. Our findings showed that LEAP2 inhibited acute AMPH-induced locomotor activity in a dose-dependent manner. However, its inhibitory effects were absent following chronic AMPH exposure, indicating that the effect of LEAP2 on AMPH-induced locomotor activity varies depending on drug-exposed physiological status. These results provide new insights into a state-dependent regulatory role of LEAP2 in AMPH-induced locomotor activity.
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spelling doaj-art-fa352c5df15e45f890a31e886414acfc2025-08-20T03:04:21ZengBMCMolecular Brain1756-66062025-07-011811910.1186/s13041-025-01227-5Visualization of the existence of LEAP2 in the nucleus accumbens and its role in amphetamine-induced locomotor activitySeohyeon Lee0Ga Young Yoo1Hyung Shin Yoon2Jeong-Hoon Kim3Department of Medical Sciences, Yonsei University College of MedicineDepartment of Medical Sciences, Yonsei University College of MedicineDepartment of Physiology, Yonsei University College of MedicineDepartment of Medical Sciences, Yonsei University College of MedicineAbstract The nucleus accumbens (NAcc) is a key brain region in reward circuitry, mediating responses to psychostimulants, such as amphetamine (AMPH), including locomotor activity. This effect is known to be enhanced by the orexigenic neuropeptide ghrelin acting through growth hormone-secretagogue receptors (GHSR) expressed in the region. Recently, liver-expressed antimicrobial peptide 2 (LEAP2) was identified as another ligand for GHSR that opposes ghrelin’s action. Based on its antagonism, we hypothesized that LEAP2 modulates AMPH-induced locomotor activity in the NAcc. To examine this, we first confirmed the presence of LEAP2 protein in this NAcc and observed that its fluorescent signals were predominantly localized in neurons, including medium spiny neurons (MSNs). We then investigated whether LEAP2 microinjection alters AMPH-induced locomotor activity. Our findings showed that LEAP2 inhibited acute AMPH-induced locomotor activity in a dose-dependent manner. However, its inhibitory effects were absent following chronic AMPH exposure, indicating that the effect of LEAP2 on AMPH-induced locomotor activity varies depending on drug-exposed physiological status. These results provide new insights into a state-dependent regulatory role of LEAP2 in AMPH-induced locomotor activity.https://doi.org/10.1186/s13041-025-01227-5LEAP2Nucleus accumbensAmphetamineNeuropeptideLocomotor activity
spellingShingle Seohyeon Lee
Ga Young Yoo
Hyung Shin Yoon
Jeong-Hoon Kim
Visualization of the existence of LEAP2 in the nucleus accumbens and its role in amphetamine-induced locomotor activity
Molecular Brain
LEAP2
Nucleus accumbens
Amphetamine
Neuropeptide
Locomotor activity
title Visualization of the existence of LEAP2 in the nucleus accumbens and its role in amphetamine-induced locomotor activity
title_full Visualization of the existence of LEAP2 in the nucleus accumbens and its role in amphetamine-induced locomotor activity
title_fullStr Visualization of the existence of LEAP2 in the nucleus accumbens and its role in amphetamine-induced locomotor activity
title_full_unstemmed Visualization of the existence of LEAP2 in the nucleus accumbens and its role in amphetamine-induced locomotor activity
title_short Visualization of the existence of LEAP2 in the nucleus accumbens and its role in amphetamine-induced locomotor activity
title_sort visualization of the existence of leap2 in the nucleus accumbens and its role in amphetamine induced locomotor activity
topic LEAP2
Nucleus accumbens
Amphetamine
Neuropeptide
Locomotor activity
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s13041-025-01227-5
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