Significant Detection of Porcine Circovirus 3 and Porcine Circovirus 4 in Wild Boars from Mid-Western Spain Without Apparent Sanitary Consequences
PCV-3 and PCV-4 are novel viruses that can infect domestic pigs and wild boars. Both viruses are associated with multiple disorders in domestic pigs (reproductive failure, respiratory damage, etc.). However, the clinical impact on wild boars remains unknown. This study aimed to assess the presence o...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2025-02-01
|
| Series: | Animals |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/15/4/523 |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1850082251538169856 |
|---|---|
| author | Rocío Holgado-Martín David Risco Alfonso Ramos Remigio Martínez-Pérez Waldo Luis García-Jiménez Javier Hermoso-De Mendoza Luis Gómez |
| author_facet | Rocío Holgado-Martín David Risco Alfonso Ramos Remigio Martínez-Pérez Waldo Luis García-Jiménez Javier Hermoso-De Mendoza Luis Gómez |
| author_sort | Rocío Holgado-Martín |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | PCV-3 and PCV-4 are novel viruses that can infect domestic pigs and wild boars. Both viruses are associated with multiple disorders in domestic pigs (reproductive failure, respiratory damage, etc.). However, the clinical impact on wild boars remains unknown. This study aimed to assess the presence of these viruses in wild boars from mid-western Spain and their sanitary impact on the species. A total of 166 submandibular lymph nodes were collected from hunted wild boars, along with available information about their reproductive status, lung injuries, body condition, and tuberculosis status. The samples were used to detect PCV-3 and PCV-4 using real-time PCR. In total, 84.9% of the sampled animals were positive for PCV-3, and 33.7% were positive for PCV-4. The detection of PCV-4 was more frequent in wild boars that had received supplementary feeding, suggesting that the direct contact favored by this practice could increase the transmission of this virus in wild boar populations. The infections did not seem to influence the body condition, reproductive status, lung lesions, or TB lesion severity patterns in the studied animals. Thus, although these viruses have been widely detected throughout wild boar populations from the studied area, they do not seem to be a health threat to this species. Nevertheless, their monitoring in wild boars is recommended, as they are often in contact with extensively reared pigs, which are susceptible to these viruses. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-fa2a8490c1914dbf9af941cb67b59fb0 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2076-2615 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Animals |
| spelling | doaj-art-fa2a8490c1914dbf9af941cb67b59fb02025-08-20T02:44:33ZengMDPI AGAnimals2076-26152025-02-0115452310.3390/ani15040523Significant Detection of Porcine Circovirus 3 and Porcine Circovirus 4 in Wild Boars from Mid-Western Spain Without Apparent Sanitary ConsequencesRocío Holgado-Martín0David Risco1Alfonso Ramos2Remigio Martínez-Pérez3Waldo Luis García-Jiménez4Javier Hermoso-De Mendoza5Luis Gómez6Departamento de Medicina Animal, Unidad de Anatomía Patológica y Anatomía Comparada, Facultad de Veterinaria de Cáceres, Universidad de Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, SpainDepartamento de Medicina Animal, Unidad de Anatomía Patológica y Anatomía Comparada, Facultad de Veterinaria de Cáceres, Universidad de Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, SpainDepartamento de Matemáticas, Unidad de Estadística e Investigación Operativa, Facultad de Veterinaria de Cáceres, Universidad de Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, SpainGrupo de Investigación en Sanidad Animal y Zoonosis (GISAZ), Departamento de Sanidad Animal, UIC Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes ENZOEM, Facultad de Veterinaria de Córdoba, Universidad de Córdoba (ROR code 05yc77b46), 14014 Córdoba, SpainDepartamento de Medicina Animal, Unidad de Anatomía Patológica y Anatomía Comparada, Facultad de Veterinaria de Cáceres, Universidad de Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, SpainDepartamento de Salud Animal, Unidad Patología Infecciosa, Facultad de Veterinaria de Cáceres, Universidad de Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, SpainDepartamento de Medicina Animal, Unidad de Anatomía Patológica y Anatomía Comparada, Facultad de Veterinaria de Cáceres, Universidad de Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, SpainPCV-3 and PCV-4 are novel viruses that can infect domestic pigs and wild boars. Both viruses are associated with multiple disorders in domestic pigs (reproductive failure, respiratory damage, etc.). However, the clinical impact on wild boars remains unknown. This study aimed to assess the presence of these viruses in wild boars from mid-western Spain and their sanitary impact on the species. A total of 166 submandibular lymph nodes were collected from hunted wild boars, along with available information about their reproductive status, lung injuries, body condition, and tuberculosis status. The samples were used to detect PCV-3 and PCV-4 using real-time PCR. In total, 84.9% of the sampled animals were positive for PCV-3, and 33.7% were positive for PCV-4. The detection of PCV-4 was more frequent in wild boars that had received supplementary feeding, suggesting that the direct contact favored by this practice could increase the transmission of this virus in wild boar populations. The infections did not seem to influence the body condition, reproductive status, lung lesions, or TB lesion severity patterns in the studied animals. Thus, although these viruses have been widely detected throughout wild boar populations from the studied area, they do not seem to be a health threat to this species. Nevertheless, their monitoring in wild boars is recommended, as they are often in contact with extensively reared pigs, which are susceptible to these viruses.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/15/4/523porcine circovirus 3porcine circovirus 4epidemiologywild boars |
| spellingShingle | Rocío Holgado-Martín David Risco Alfonso Ramos Remigio Martínez-Pérez Waldo Luis García-Jiménez Javier Hermoso-De Mendoza Luis Gómez Significant Detection of Porcine Circovirus 3 and Porcine Circovirus 4 in Wild Boars from Mid-Western Spain Without Apparent Sanitary Consequences Animals porcine circovirus 3 porcine circovirus 4 epidemiology wild boars |
| title | Significant Detection of Porcine Circovirus 3 and Porcine Circovirus 4 in Wild Boars from Mid-Western Spain Without Apparent Sanitary Consequences |
| title_full | Significant Detection of Porcine Circovirus 3 and Porcine Circovirus 4 in Wild Boars from Mid-Western Spain Without Apparent Sanitary Consequences |
| title_fullStr | Significant Detection of Porcine Circovirus 3 and Porcine Circovirus 4 in Wild Boars from Mid-Western Spain Without Apparent Sanitary Consequences |
| title_full_unstemmed | Significant Detection of Porcine Circovirus 3 and Porcine Circovirus 4 in Wild Boars from Mid-Western Spain Without Apparent Sanitary Consequences |
| title_short | Significant Detection of Porcine Circovirus 3 and Porcine Circovirus 4 in Wild Boars from Mid-Western Spain Without Apparent Sanitary Consequences |
| title_sort | significant detection of porcine circovirus 3 and porcine circovirus 4 in wild boars from mid western spain without apparent sanitary consequences |
| topic | porcine circovirus 3 porcine circovirus 4 epidemiology wild boars |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/15/4/523 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT rocioholgadomartin significantdetectionofporcinecircovirus3andporcinecircovirus4inwildboarsfrommidwesternspainwithoutapparentsanitaryconsequences AT davidrisco significantdetectionofporcinecircovirus3andporcinecircovirus4inwildboarsfrommidwesternspainwithoutapparentsanitaryconsequences AT alfonsoramos significantdetectionofporcinecircovirus3andporcinecircovirus4inwildboarsfrommidwesternspainwithoutapparentsanitaryconsequences AT remigiomartinezperez significantdetectionofporcinecircovirus3andporcinecircovirus4inwildboarsfrommidwesternspainwithoutapparentsanitaryconsequences AT waldoluisgarciajimenez significantdetectionofporcinecircovirus3andporcinecircovirus4inwildboarsfrommidwesternspainwithoutapparentsanitaryconsequences AT javierhermosodemendoza significantdetectionofporcinecircovirus3andporcinecircovirus4inwildboarsfrommidwesternspainwithoutapparentsanitaryconsequences AT luisgomez significantdetectionofporcinecircovirus3andporcinecircovirus4inwildboarsfrommidwesternspainwithoutapparentsanitaryconsequences |