Endothelin-1 Role in Human Eye: A Review
Endothelin is a potent vasoactive peptide occurring in three isotypes, ET-1, ET-2, and ET-3. Through its two main receptors, endothelin A and endothelin B, it is responsible for a variety of physiological functions, primarily blood flow control. Recent evidence from both human and animal models show...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2010-01-01
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| Series: | Journal of Ophthalmology |
| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/354645 |
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| author | Serena Salvatore Enzo Maria Vingolo |
| author_facet | Serena Salvatore Enzo Maria Vingolo |
| author_sort | Serena Salvatore |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Endothelin is a potent vasoactive peptide occurring in three isotypes, ET-1, ET-2, and ET-3. Through its two main receptors, endothelin A and endothelin B, it is responsible for a variety of physiological functions, primarily blood flow control. Recent evidence from both human and animal models shows involvement of endothelin in diabetes, retinal circulation, and optic neuropathies. Increased circulating levels of endothelin-1 (ET-1) have been found in patients with diabetes, and a positive correlation between plasma ET-1 levels and microangiopathy in patients with type-2 diabetes has been demonstrated. In addition to its direct vasoconstrictor effects, enhanced levels of ET-1 may contribute to endothelial dysfunction through inhibitory effects on nitric oxide (NO) production. Experimental studies have shown that chronic ET-1 administration to the optic nerve immediately behind the globe causes neuronal damage, activation of astrocytes, the major glial cell in the anterior optic nerve, and upregulation of endothelin B receptors. This paper outlines the ubiquitous role of endothelin and its potential involvement in ophthalmology. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-fa24ae669e7e4aec923182710c8f6abe |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2090-004X 2090-0058 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2010-01-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Ophthalmology |
| spelling | doaj-art-fa24ae669e7e4aec923182710c8f6abe2025-08-20T03:20:03ZengWileyJournal of Ophthalmology2090-004X2090-00582010-01-01201010.1155/2010/354645354645Endothelin-1 Role in Human Eye: A ReviewSerena Salvatore0Enzo Maria Vingolo1Department of Ophthalmology, University “La Sapienza”, Polo Pontino, Latina, ItalyDepartment of Ophthalmology, University “La Sapienza”, Polo Pontino, Latina, ItalyEndothelin is a potent vasoactive peptide occurring in three isotypes, ET-1, ET-2, and ET-3. Through its two main receptors, endothelin A and endothelin B, it is responsible for a variety of physiological functions, primarily blood flow control. Recent evidence from both human and animal models shows involvement of endothelin in diabetes, retinal circulation, and optic neuropathies. Increased circulating levels of endothelin-1 (ET-1) have been found in patients with diabetes, and a positive correlation between plasma ET-1 levels and microangiopathy in patients with type-2 diabetes has been demonstrated. In addition to its direct vasoconstrictor effects, enhanced levels of ET-1 may contribute to endothelial dysfunction through inhibitory effects on nitric oxide (NO) production. Experimental studies have shown that chronic ET-1 administration to the optic nerve immediately behind the globe causes neuronal damage, activation of astrocytes, the major glial cell in the anterior optic nerve, and upregulation of endothelin B receptors. This paper outlines the ubiquitous role of endothelin and its potential involvement in ophthalmology.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/354645 |
| spellingShingle | Serena Salvatore Enzo Maria Vingolo Endothelin-1 Role in Human Eye: A Review Journal of Ophthalmology |
| title | Endothelin-1 Role in Human Eye: A Review |
| title_full | Endothelin-1 Role in Human Eye: A Review |
| title_fullStr | Endothelin-1 Role in Human Eye: A Review |
| title_full_unstemmed | Endothelin-1 Role in Human Eye: A Review |
| title_short | Endothelin-1 Role in Human Eye: A Review |
| title_sort | endothelin 1 role in human eye a review |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/354645 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT serenasalvatore endothelin1roleinhumaneyeareview AT enzomariavingolo endothelin1roleinhumaneyeareview |