Molecular characterization of carbapenemases production among environmental Gram-negative isolates at Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: first detection of NDM Producers in hospital environments

Introduction: The Gram-Negative bacteria, particularly carbapenem-resistant strains (CR-GNB), pose a global health threat due to high morbidity and mortality. Detecting carbapenemase-encoding genes is essential for understanding their spread in hospital environments. This study investigated environ...

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Main Authors: Shemse Sebre, Aminu Seman, Tewachew Awoke, Woldaregay Erku Abegaz, Wude Mihret, Adane Mihret, Tamrat Abebe, Zelalem Desalegn
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: The Journal of Infection in Developing Countries 2025-04-01
Series:Journal of Infection in Developing Countries
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Online Access:https://jidc.org/index.php/journal/article/view/20561
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author Shemse Sebre
Aminu Seman
Tewachew Awoke
Woldaregay Erku Abegaz
Wude Mihret
Adane Mihret
Tamrat Abebe
Zelalem Desalegn
author_facet Shemse Sebre
Aminu Seman
Tewachew Awoke
Woldaregay Erku Abegaz
Wude Mihret
Adane Mihret
Tamrat Abebe
Zelalem Desalegn
author_sort Shemse Sebre
collection DOAJ
description Introduction: The Gram-Negative bacteria, particularly carbapenem-resistant strains (CR-GNB), pose a global health threat due to high morbidity and mortality. Detecting carbapenemase-encoding genes is essential for understanding their spread in hospital environments. This study investigated environmental colonization by CR-GNB in Ethiopian hospitals, including genetic characterization of resistance genes. Methodology: A cross-sectional study analyzed 103 environmental GNB isolates collected from inanimate surfaces at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital (TASH) and ALERT Hospital (June–September 2021). Conventional microbiological methods identified the isolates, and antimicrobial susceptibility was tested using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. Carbapenemase production was screened using the Modified Hodge test (MHT) and combined disk test (CDT). Resistance genes (blaKPC, blaNDM, blaOXA-48) were detected via PCR in isolates with reduced meropenem susceptibility. Results: The predominant GNB were Acinetobacter baumannii (47%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (33%), and E. coli (12%). Among 103 isolates, 62% showed reduced meropenem susceptibility. The most common CR-GNB was Acinetobacter baumannii (37.5%), followed by E. coli (18.8%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (12.5%). Carbapenemase production was detected in 41.7% of isolates via PCR, with blaNDM being the most common (43 isolates). Linens (26.4%) and beds (21.4%) had the highest contamination rates. Most carbapenemase-producing isolates were multidrug-resistant (MDR). Conclusions: The presence of blaNDM and blaKPC genes highlights hospital surfaces as reservoirs for resistance genes, contributing to healthcare-associated infections. Routine surveillance and early detection of carbapenemase producers are crucial for infection control and antimicrobial resistance management.
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spelling doaj-art-fa2133fef05f4ebb891530b3261ad07c2025-08-20T02:27:14ZengThe Journal of Infection in Developing CountriesJournal of Infection in Developing Countries1972-26802025-04-01190410.3855/jidc.20561Molecular characterization of carbapenemases production among environmental Gram-negative isolates at Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: first detection of NDM Producers in hospital environmentsShemse Sebre0Aminu Seman1Tewachew Awoke2Woldaregay Erku Abegaz3Wude Mihret4Adane Mihret5Tamrat Abebe6Zelalem Desalegn7Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, EthiopiaDepartment of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, EthiopiaDepartment of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, EthiopiaDepartment of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, EthiopiaArmauer Hansen Research Institute, Addis Ababa, EthiopiaDepartment of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, EthiopiaDepartment of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, EthiopiaDepartment of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia Introduction: The Gram-Negative bacteria, particularly carbapenem-resistant strains (CR-GNB), pose a global health threat due to high morbidity and mortality. Detecting carbapenemase-encoding genes is essential for understanding their spread in hospital environments. This study investigated environmental colonization by CR-GNB in Ethiopian hospitals, including genetic characterization of resistance genes. Methodology: A cross-sectional study analyzed 103 environmental GNB isolates collected from inanimate surfaces at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital (TASH) and ALERT Hospital (June–September 2021). Conventional microbiological methods identified the isolates, and antimicrobial susceptibility was tested using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. Carbapenemase production was screened using the Modified Hodge test (MHT) and combined disk test (CDT). Resistance genes (blaKPC, blaNDM, blaOXA-48) were detected via PCR in isolates with reduced meropenem susceptibility. Results: The predominant GNB were Acinetobacter baumannii (47%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (33%), and E. coli (12%). Among 103 isolates, 62% showed reduced meropenem susceptibility. The most common CR-GNB was Acinetobacter baumannii (37.5%), followed by E. coli (18.8%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (12.5%). Carbapenemase production was detected in 41.7% of isolates via PCR, with blaNDM being the most common (43 isolates). Linens (26.4%) and beds (21.4%) had the highest contamination rates. Most carbapenemase-producing isolates were multidrug-resistant (MDR). Conclusions: The presence of blaNDM and blaKPC genes highlights hospital surfaces as reservoirs for resistance genes, contributing to healthcare-associated infections. Routine surveillance and early detection of carbapenemase producers are crucial for infection control and antimicrobial resistance management. https://jidc.org/index.php/journal/article/view/20561Carbapenem-resistancemultidrug-resistant (MDR)β-lactamasecarbapenemase
spellingShingle Shemse Sebre
Aminu Seman
Tewachew Awoke
Woldaregay Erku Abegaz
Wude Mihret
Adane Mihret
Tamrat Abebe
Zelalem Desalegn
Molecular characterization of carbapenemases production among environmental Gram-negative isolates at Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: first detection of NDM Producers in hospital environments
Journal of Infection in Developing Countries
Carbapenem-resistance
multidrug-resistant (MDR)
β-lactamase
carbapenemase
title Molecular characterization of carbapenemases production among environmental Gram-negative isolates at Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: first detection of NDM Producers in hospital environments
title_full Molecular characterization of carbapenemases production among environmental Gram-negative isolates at Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: first detection of NDM Producers in hospital environments
title_fullStr Molecular characterization of carbapenemases production among environmental Gram-negative isolates at Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: first detection of NDM Producers in hospital environments
title_full_unstemmed Molecular characterization of carbapenemases production among environmental Gram-negative isolates at Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: first detection of NDM Producers in hospital environments
title_short Molecular characterization of carbapenemases production among environmental Gram-negative isolates at Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: first detection of NDM Producers in hospital environments
title_sort molecular characterization of carbapenemases production among environmental gram negative isolates at addis ababa ethiopia first detection of ndm producers in hospital environments
topic Carbapenem-resistance
multidrug-resistant (MDR)
β-lactamase
carbapenemase
url https://jidc.org/index.php/journal/article/view/20561
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