Multi-environmental evaluation of barley core collection against spot blotch for genetic variability and identification of promising genotypes exhibiting resistance

Abstract Background Spot blotch caused by Bipolaris sorokiniana (Sacc.) Shoemaker significantly impedes global barley production by impacting grain, fodder yield, and malt quality. Host resistance presents a sustainable, cost-effective, and eco-friendly method for disease management. The extent of r...

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Main Authors: Shiv Shankar Patel, Shyam Saran Vaish, Sherry Rachel Jacob, Gyanendra Pratap Singh, Vikender Kaur
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-08-01
Series:BMC Plant Biology
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-025-06983-z
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author Shiv Shankar Patel
Shyam Saran Vaish
Sherry Rachel Jacob
Gyanendra Pratap Singh
Vikender Kaur
author_facet Shiv Shankar Patel
Shyam Saran Vaish
Sherry Rachel Jacob
Gyanendra Pratap Singh
Vikender Kaur
author_sort Shiv Shankar Patel
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background Spot blotch caused by Bipolaris sorokiniana (Sacc.) Shoemaker significantly impedes global barley production by impacting grain, fodder yield, and malt quality. Host resistance presents a sustainable, cost-effective, and eco-friendly method for disease management. The extent of resistance and the number of resistant accessions are limited within barley genetic resources. Therefore, the present studies on the evaluation of the selected barley core collection consisting of 678 genotypes under the multi-environmental conditions have paramount importance. To identify stable resistance resources, the trial was conducted at Varanasi, India. This location is known as the hot spot of spot blotch. Results The analysis of variance (ANOVA) for determining varying levels of spot blotch resistance among the examined genotypes revealed a significant genotypic variation among the accessions against the disease based on the area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC). After correlating the disease severity with the elevated minimum temperatures and humidity levels, it was found to be higher during the first cropping season (2021–2022) with a mean AUDPC value of 852.89 ± 6.48 over the second cropping season (2022–2023) that showed a mean AUDPC of 761.10 ± 6.78. Average AUDPC scores across four test environments revealed that none of the evaluated genotypes showed a completely resistant reaction (AUDPC < 285) to spot blotch. Two genotypes (EC0667513-sel and EC0667512-sel) of six-row barley exhibited moderately resistant (MR) reaction (AUDPC < 355) under the natural field conditions; however, among these two, only EC0667513-sel was found to be MR during the validation under the artificial epiphytotic conditions. Further comparison of the performance and stability among these two MR genotypes through GGE biplot analysis indicated that EC0667512-sel was specifically adapted to certain environments, but was inconsistent overall. In contrast, EC0667513-sel indicated a good mean performance and higher stability across all environments. Conclusion The GGE biplot effectively analyzed genotype-environment interactions and identified optimal evaluation sites and stable resistant genotypes for spot blotch resistance. These findings provide valuable insights for future breeding programs focused on integrating resistance traits into new barley varieties.
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spelling doaj-art-fa1f396ce2324e71b1c076f880b50bc62025-08-20T04:01:53ZengBMCBMC Plant Biology1471-22292025-08-0125112010.1186/s12870-025-06983-zMulti-environmental evaluation of barley core collection against spot blotch for genetic variability and identification of promising genotypes exhibiting resistanceShiv Shankar Patel0Shyam Saran Vaish1Sherry Rachel Jacob2Gyanendra Pratap Singh3Vikender Kaur4Department of Mycology and Plant Pathology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu UniversityDepartment of Mycology and Plant Pathology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu UniversityIndian Council of Agricultural Research- National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources (ICAR-NBPGR)Indian Council of Agricultural Research- National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources (ICAR-NBPGR)Indian Council of Agricultural Research- National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources (ICAR-NBPGR)Abstract Background Spot blotch caused by Bipolaris sorokiniana (Sacc.) Shoemaker significantly impedes global barley production by impacting grain, fodder yield, and malt quality. Host resistance presents a sustainable, cost-effective, and eco-friendly method for disease management. The extent of resistance and the number of resistant accessions are limited within barley genetic resources. Therefore, the present studies on the evaluation of the selected barley core collection consisting of 678 genotypes under the multi-environmental conditions have paramount importance. To identify stable resistance resources, the trial was conducted at Varanasi, India. This location is known as the hot spot of spot blotch. Results The analysis of variance (ANOVA) for determining varying levels of spot blotch resistance among the examined genotypes revealed a significant genotypic variation among the accessions against the disease based on the area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC). After correlating the disease severity with the elevated minimum temperatures and humidity levels, it was found to be higher during the first cropping season (2021–2022) with a mean AUDPC value of 852.89 ± 6.48 over the second cropping season (2022–2023) that showed a mean AUDPC of 761.10 ± 6.78. Average AUDPC scores across four test environments revealed that none of the evaluated genotypes showed a completely resistant reaction (AUDPC < 285) to spot blotch. Two genotypes (EC0667513-sel and EC0667512-sel) of six-row barley exhibited moderately resistant (MR) reaction (AUDPC < 355) under the natural field conditions; however, among these two, only EC0667513-sel was found to be MR during the validation under the artificial epiphytotic conditions. Further comparison of the performance and stability among these two MR genotypes through GGE biplot analysis indicated that EC0667512-sel was specifically adapted to certain environments, but was inconsistent overall. In contrast, EC0667513-sel indicated a good mean performance and higher stability across all environments. Conclusion The GGE biplot effectively analyzed genotype-environment interactions and identified optimal evaluation sites and stable resistant genotypes for spot blotch resistance. These findings provide valuable insights for future breeding programs focused on integrating resistance traits into new barley varieties.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-025-06983-zBarley germplasmBipolaris SorokinianaCore collectionGGE biplotMulti-environmentSpot blotch disease
spellingShingle Shiv Shankar Patel
Shyam Saran Vaish
Sherry Rachel Jacob
Gyanendra Pratap Singh
Vikender Kaur
Multi-environmental evaluation of barley core collection against spot blotch for genetic variability and identification of promising genotypes exhibiting resistance
BMC Plant Biology
Barley germplasm
Bipolaris Sorokiniana
Core collection
GGE biplot
Multi-environment
Spot blotch disease
title Multi-environmental evaluation of barley core collection against spot blotch for genetic variability and identification of promising genotypes exhibiting resistance
title_full Multi-environmental evaluation of barley core collection against spot blotch for genetic variability and identification of promising genotypes exhibiting resistance
title_fullStr Multi-environmental evaluation of barley core collection against spot blotch for genetic variability and identification of promising genotypes exhibiting resistance
title_full_unstemmed Multi-environmental evaluation of barley core collection against spot blotch for genetic variability and identification of promising genotypes exhibiting resistance
title_short Multi-environmental evaluation of barley core collection against spot blotch for genetic variability and identification of promising genotypes exhibiting resistance
title_sort multi environmental evaluation of barley core collection against spot blotch for genetic variability and identification of promising genotypes exhibiting resistance
topic Barley germplasm
Bipolaris Sorokiniana
Core collection
GGE biplot
Multi-environment
Spot blotch disease
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-025-06983-z
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