Integrated direct air CO2 capture and solid oxide electrolyzer for sustainable chemical production: Case studies of methanol and synthesis fuel

This paper presents a comprehensive study of a novel system aimed at producing chemicals from CO2 captured from the atmosphere by integrating direct air capture (DAC) and solid oxide electrolysis cell (SOEC). Two case studies for the chemical produced were considered: CO2 to methanol and CO2 to synt...

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Main Authors: Mohammadali Emadi, Vahid Barahimi, Eric Croiset
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-06-01
Series:Journal of CO2 Utilization
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2212982025000800
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author Mohammadali Emadi
Vahid Barahimi
Eric Croiset
author_facet Mohammadali Emadi
Vahid Barahimi
Eric Croiset
author_sort Mohammadali Emadi
collection DOAJ
description This paper presents a comprehensive study of a novel system aimed at producing chemicals from CO2 captured from the atmosphere by integrating direct air capture (DAC) and solid oxide electrolysis cell (SOEC). Two case studies for the chemical produced were considered: CO2 to methanol and CO2 to synthetic fuel (synfuel). All scenarios were based on a DAC system capturing 250,000 tonnes per year of CO2 from the atmosphere. Using Aspen Plus, the results revealed insights into energy consumption, resource utilization, and economic viability. The system produced 36.4 tonne/hr of methanol and 15.1 tonne/hr of synfuel. Methanol production requires 403 MW of electricity and 10.9 tonne/hr of natural gas, with a specific energy consumption of 26.0 kWh/kg-MeOH. Synfuel production demands higher utility usage of 53.9 kWh/kg-synfuel (360 MW electricity, and 7.09 tonne/hr of natural gas). Economic analysis shows a total annual cost and levelized production cost for methanol of $346 M/year and 1.32 $/kg, respectively; for synfuels, the values are $301 M/year and 2.78 $/kg, respectively. Environmental analysis indicates that the amount of CO2 captured per product unit is for synfuel 1.88 kg-CO2 captured/kg-synfuel, and for methanol 0.58 kg-CO2 captured/kg-MeOH. Using Ontario's grid and natural gas emission factor, emission for methanol production amounts to 31.1 g-CO2-eq/MJ-MeOH, while for synfuel, it stands at 5.2 g-CO2-eq/MJ-synfuel. However, these emissions can be notably reduced by transitioning to renewable sources of electricity and can even become negative in the case of synfuel when hydropower and wind are used as electricity sources.
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spelling doaj-art-fa113eed87f841cc8c5dcfb0da5814fc2025-08-20T03:09:52ZengElsevierJournal of CO2 Utilization2212-98392025-06-019610309610.1016/j.jcou.2025.103096Integrated direct air CO2 capture and solid oxide electrolyzer for sustainable chemical production: Case studies of methanol and synthesis fuelMohammadali Emadi0Vahid Barahimi1Eric Croiset2Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, CanadaDepartment of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, CanadaCorresponding author.; Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, CanadaThis paper presents a comprehensive study of a novel system aimed at producing chemicals from CO2 captured from the atmosphere by integrating direct air capture (DAC) and solid oxide electrolysis cell (SOEC). Two case studies for the chemical produced were considered: CO2 to methanol and CO2 to synthetic fuel (synfuel). All scenarios were based on a DAC system capturing 250,000 tonnes per year of CO2 from the atmosphere. Using Aspen Plus, the results revealed insights into energy consumption, resource utilization, and economic viability. The system produced 36.4 tonne/hr of methanol and 15.1 tonne/hr of synfuel. Methanol production requires 403 MW of electricity and 10.9 tonne/hr of natural gas, with a specific energy consumption of 26.0 kWh/kg-MeOH. Synfuel production demands higher utility usage of 53.9 kWh/kg-synfuel (360 MW electricity, and 7.09 tonne/hr of natural gas). Economic analysis shows a total annual cost and levelized production cost for methanol of $346 M/year and 1.32 $/kg, respectively; for synfuels, the values are $301 M/year and 2.78 $/kg, respectively. Environmental analysis indicates that the amount of CO2 captured per product unit is for synfuel 1.88 kg-CO2 captured/kg-synfuel, and for methanol 0.58 kg-CO2 captured/kg-MeOH. Using Ontario's grid and natural gas emission factor, emission for methanol production amounts to 31.1 g-CO2-eq/MJ-MeOH, while for synfuel, it stands at 5.2 g-CO2-eq/MJ-synfuel. However, these emissions can be notably reduced by transitioning to renewable sources of electricity and can even become negative in the case of synfuel when hydropower and wind are used as electricity sources.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2212982025000800CO2 utilizationDirect air captureSolid oxide electrolyzer cell (SOEC)MethanolTechno-economicSynthetic fuel
spellingShingle Mohammadali Emadi
Vahid Barahimi
Eric Croiset
Integrated direct air CO2 capture and solid oxide electrolyzer for sustainable chemical production: Case studies of methanol and synthesis fuel
Journal of CO2 Utilization
CO2 utilization
Direct air capture
Solid oxide electrolyzer cell (SOEC)
Methanol
Techno-economic
Synthetic fuel
title Integrated direct air CO2 capture and solid oxide electrolyzer for sustainable chemical production: Case studies of methanol and synthesis fuel
title_full Integrated direct air CO2 capture and solid oxide electrolyzer for sustainable chemical production: Case studies of methanol and synthesis fuel
title_fullStr Integrated direct air CO2 capture and solid oxide electrolyzer for sustainable chemical production: Case studies of methanol and synthesis fuel
title_full_unstemmed Integrated direct air CO2 capture and solid oxide electrolyzer for sustainable chemical production: Case studies of methanol and synthesis fuel
title_short Integrated direct air CO2 capture and solid oxide electrolyzer for sustainable chemical production: Case studies of methanol and synthesis fuel
title_sort integrated direct air co2 capture and solid oxide electrolyzer for sustainable chemical production case studies of methanol and synthesis fuel
topic CO2 utilization
Direct air capture
Solid oxide electrolyzer cell (SOEC)
Methanol
Techno-economic
Synthetic fuel
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2212982025000800
work_keys_str_mv AT mohammadaliemadi integrateddirectairco2captureandsolidoxideelectrolyzerforsustainablechemicalproductioncasestudiesofmethanolandsynthesisfuel
AT vahidbarahimi integrateddirectairco2captureandsolidoxideelectrolyzerforsustainablechemicalproductioncasestudiesofmethanolandsynthesisfuel
AT ericcroiset integrateddirectairco2captureandsolidoxideelectrolyzerforsustainablechemicalproductioncasestudiesofmethanolandsynthesisfuel