The Molecular Bases of Anti-Oxidative and Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Paraoxonase 1

The anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory properties of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) are thought to be mediated by paraoxonase 1 (PON1), a calcium-dependent hydrolytic enzyme carried on a subfraction of HDL that also carries other anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory proteins. In humans and mice, l...

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Main Author: Hieronim Jakubowski
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-10-01
Series:Antioxidants
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/13/11/1292
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author Hieronim Jakubowski
author_facet Hieronim Jakubowski
author_sort Hieronim Jakubowski
collection DOAJ
description The anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory properties of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) are thought to be mediated by paraoxonase 1 (PON1), a calcium-dependent hydrolytic enzyme carried on a subfraction of HDL that also carries other anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory proteins. In humans and mice, low PON1 activity is associated with elevated oxidized lipids and homocysteine (Hcy)-thiolactone, as well as proteins that are modified by these metabolites, which can cause oxidative stress and inflammation. PON1-dependent metabolic changes can lead to atherothrombotic cardiovascular disease, Alzheimer’s disease, and cancer. The molecular bases underlying these associations are not fully understood. Biochemical, proteomic, and metabolic studies have significantly expanded our understanding of the mechanisms by which low PON1 leads to disease and high PON1 is protective. The studies discussed in this review highlight the changes in gene expression affecting proteostasis as a cause of the pro-oxidative and pro-inflammatory phenotypes associated with attenuated PON1 activity. Accumulating evidence supports the conclusion that PON1 regulates the expression of anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory proteins, and that the disruption of these processes leads to disease.
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spelling doaj-art-fa0e35e6de1c40cd91b60258f1f8c74c2025-08-20T02:26:54ZengMDPI AGAntioxidants2076-39212024-10-011311129210.3390/antiox13111292The Molecular Bases of Anti-Oxidative and Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Paraoxonase 1Hieronim Jakubowski0Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Life Sciences, 60-637 Poznań, PolandThe anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory properties of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) are thought to be mediated by paraoxonase 1 (PON1), a calcium-dependent hydrolytic enzyme carried on a subfraction of HDL that also carries other anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory proteins. In humans and mice, low PON1 activity is associated with elevated oxidized lipids and homocysteine (Hcy)-thiolactone, as well as proteins that are modified by these metabolites, which can cause oxidative stress and inflammation. PON1-dependent metabolic changes can lead to atherothrombotic cardiovascular disease, Alzheimer’s disease, and cancer. The molecular bases underlying these associations are not fully understood. Biochemical, proteomic, and metabolic studies have significantly expanded our understanding of the mechanisms by which low PON1 leads to disease and high PON1 is protective. The studies discussed in this review highlight the changes in gene expression affecting proteostasis as a cause of the pro-oxidative and pro-inflammatory phenotypes associated with attenuated PON1 activity. Accumulating evidence supports the conclusion that PON1 regulates the expression of anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory proteins, and that the disruption of these processes leads to disease.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/13/11/1292PON1 physiological substrateshomocysteine thiolactone5-(3′,4′-dihydroxyphenyl)-γ-valerolactonePON1 proteomicsanti-oxidant proteinsanti-inflammatory proteins
spellingShingle Hieronim Jakubowski
The Molecular Bases of Anti-Oxidative and Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Paraoxonase 1
Antioxidants
PON1 physiological substrates
homocysteine thiolactone
5-(3′,4′-dihydroxyphenyl)-γ-valerolactone
PON1 proteomics
anti-oxidant proteins
anti-inflammatory proteins
title The Molecular Bases of Anti-Oxidative and Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Paraoxonase 1
title_full The Molecular Bases of Anti-Oxidative and Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Paraoxonase 1
title_fullStr The Molecular Bases of Anti-Oxidative and Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Paraoxonase 1
title_full_unstemmed The Molecular Bases of Anti-Oxidative and Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Paraoxonase 1
title_short The Molecular Bases of Anti-Oxidative and Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Paraoxonase 1
title_sort molecular bases of anti oxidative and anti inflammatory properties of paraoxonase 1
topic PON1 physiological substrates
homocysteine thiolactone
5-(3′,4′-dihydroxyphenyl)-γ-valerolactone
PON1 proteomics
anti-oxidant proteins
anti-inflammatory proteins
url https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/13/11/1292
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