Four-Element MIMO Patch Antenna With High Gain, High Isolation, and Polarization Diversity Characteristics for 28-GHz Applications
This article presents the design of a high-gain, highly isolated four-element multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna system operating at the millimeter-wave (mm-wave) 28 GHz frequency band. The radiating element of the MIMO antenna comprises a 1 × 2 array of crescent-shaped patch elements bac...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2025-01-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Antennas and Propagation |
| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/ijap/8878043 |
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| author | Hela Elmannai Umair Rafique Hüseyin Şerif Savci Muhammad Usman Tahir Mujeeb Abdullah Abeer D. Algarni Mariana Dalarsson |
| author_facet | Hela Elmannai Umair Rafique Hüseyin Şerif Savci Muhammad Usman Tahir Mujeeb Abdullah Abeer D. Algarni Mariana Dalarsson |
| author_sort | Hela Elmannai |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This article presents the design of a high-gain, highly isolated four-element multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna system operating at the millimeter-wave (mm-wave) 28 GHz frequency band. The radiating element of the MIMO antenna comprises a 1 × 2 array of crescent-shaped patch elements backed by a full ground plane, having overall dimensions of 33 × 33 mm2 (3.08λ × 3.08λ), where λ is the wavelength at 28 GHz. A 0.787-mm-thick low-loss dielectric substrate having a relative permittivity (εr) of 2.2 and a loss tangent (tanδ) of 0.009 is used for the antenna design. It is observed that the designed radiating element provides resonance at 28.18 GHz and has a 6.21% fractional bandwidth (FBW) and a peak realized gain of 10.5 dBi. The radiation and total efficiency of the radiator are noted to be >85% and ≥75%, respectively, in the operating bandwidth. For polarization diversity and high isolation characteristics, the MIMO elements are arranged in an orthogonal manner, which helps achieve an isolation of >22.5 dB for adjacent elements and >32.5 dB for diagonally placed elements in the entire band of interest. Furthermore, MIMO system parameters such as envelope correlation coefficient (ECC) <0.003, diversity gain (DG) >10 dB, total active reflection coefficient (TARC) < −10 dB, and channel capacity loss (CCL) <0.5 bps/Hz are observed, which fall within the operational limits. Based on the achieved outcomes, the proposed design is well suited for mm-wave 28 GHz communication devices. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-f9fa16c05f2a4eafbbf72882d317ba96 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 1687-5877 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Antennas and Propagation |
| spelling | doaj-art-f9fa16c05f2a4eafbbf72882d317ba962025-08-20T03:17:40ZengWileyInternational Journal of Antennas and Propagation1687-58772025-01-01202510.1155/ijap/8878043Four-Element MIMO Patch Antenna With High Gain, High Isolation, and Polarization Diversity Characteristics for 28-GHz ApplicationsHela Elmannai0Umair Rafique1Hüseyin Şerif Savci2Muhammad Usman Tahir3Mujeeb Abdullah4Abeer D. Algarni5Mariana Dalarsson6Department of Information TechnologyCentre for Wireless CommunicationsElectrical and Electronics Engineering DepartmentDepartment of Electrical EngineeringVocational College of SichuanDepartment of Information TechnologySchool of Electrical Engineering and Computer ScienceThis article presents the design of a high-gain, highly isolated four-element multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna system operating at the millimeter-wave (mm-wave) 28 GHz frequency band. The radiating element of the MIMO antenna comprises a 1 × 2 array of crescent-shaped patch elements backed by a full ground plane, having overall dimensions of 33 × 33 mm2 (3.08λ × 3.08λ), where λ is the wavelength at 28 GHz. A 0.787-mm-thick low-loss dielectric substrate having a relative permittivity (εr) of 2.2 and a loss tangent (tanδ) of 0.009 is used for the antenna design. It is observed that the designed radiating element provides resonance at 28.18 GHz and has a 6.21% fractional bandwidth (FBW) and a peak realized gain of 10.5 dBi. The radiation and total efficiency of the radiator are noted to be >85% and ≥75%, respectively, in the operating bandwidth. For polarization diversity and high isolation characteristics, the MIMO elements are arranged in an orthogonal manner, which helps achieve an isolation of >22.5 dB for adjacent elements and >32.5 dB for diagonally placed elements in the entire band of interest. Furthermore, MIMO system parameters such as envelope correlation coefficient (ECC) <0.003, diversity gain (DG) >10 dB, total active reflection coefficient (TARC) < −10 dB, and channel capacity loss (CCL) <0.5 bps/Hz are observed, which fall within the operational limits. Based on the achieved outcomes, the proposed design is well suited for mm-wave 28 GHz communication devices.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/ijap/8878043 |
| spellingShingle | Hela Elmannai Umair Rafique Hüseyin Şerif Savci Muhammad Usman Tahir Mujeeb Abdullah Abeer D. Algarni Mariana Dalarsson Four-Element MIMO Patch Antenna With High Gain, High Isolation, and Polarization Diversity Characteristics for 28-GHz Applications International Journal of Antennas and Propagation |
| title | Four-Element MIMO Patch Antenna With High Gain, High Isolation, and Polarization Diversity Characteristics for 28-GHz Applications |
| title_full | Four-Element MIMO Patch Antenna With High Gain, High Isolation, and Polarization Diversity Characteristics for 28-GHz Applications |
| title_fullStr | Four-Element MIMO Patch Antenna With High Gain, High Isolation, and Polarization Diversity Characteristics for 28-GHz Applications |
| title_full_unstemmed | Four-Element MIMO Patch Antenna With High Gain, High Isolation, and Polarization Diversity Characteristics for 28-GHz Applications |
| title_short | Four-Element MIMO Patch Antenna With High Gain, High Isolation, and Polarization Diversity Characteristics for 28-GHz Applications |
| title_sort | four element mimo patch antenna with high gain high isolation and polarization diversity characteristics for 28 ghz applications |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/ijap/8878043 |
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