Hydrodeoxygenation of gas-phase vanillin biomass model compound into guaiacol over Pd/CeO2 catalyst

Vanillin (4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde) is an important platform chemical compound that is invariably produced from pyrolysis of various categories of biomass. Hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) of vanillin has been a thematic topic in catalysis with the underlying aim to devise processes and reactions for...

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Main Authors: Ahmad Yaghi, Labeeb Ali, Toyin Shittu, Abbas Khaleel, Mohammednoor Altarawneh
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2024-12-01
Series:Case Studies in Chemical and Environmental Engineering
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666016424002184
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author Ahmad Yaghi
Labeeb Ali
Toyin Shittu
Abbas Khaleel
Mohammednoor Altarawneh
author_facet Ahmad Yaghi
Labeeb Ali
Toyin Shittu
Abbas Khaleel
Mohammednoor Altarawneh
author_sort Ahmad Yaghi
collection DOAJ
description Vanillin (4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde) is an important platform chemical compound that is invariably produced from pyrolysis of various categories of biomass. Hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) of vanillin has been a thematic topic in catalysis with the underlying aim to devise processes and reactions for catalytic upgrading of bio-oil and in the production of value-added products. Herein, we investigate the HDO of an evaporated stream of vanillin over a 4 % load of palladium supported on ceria; a Pd/CeO2 catalyst. The synthesized catalyst was characterized by various techniques including XRD, XPS, EDX-SEM, HR-TEM, and TPR. The HDO reaction (carried out at temperatures from 100 °C to 300 °C at 10 °C/min ramp rate with a 5 % H2 feed ratio) resulted in a 95 % conversion of vanillin with an 85 % yield of guaiacol (2-methoxyphenol). Minute loads of alkylbenzene compounds (mainly xylene and ethylbenzene) also emerged. DFT computations elucidate pathways for the observed formation of guaiacol where synergistic effects of both Pd and vacant oxygen sites are highlighted. Overall, we presented a viable HDO route for an oxygenated biomass model compound at mild operational conditions (intermediate temperatures, ambient pressure, and moderate H2/Feed ratio).
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spelling doaj-art-f9f6bb89b8f841d4bc9cc40dbcd186592025-08-20T02:38:58ZengElsevierCase Studies in Chemical and Environmental Engineering2666-01642024-12-011010082410.1016/j.cscee.2024.100824Hydrodeoxygenation of gas-phase vanillin biomass model compound into guaiacol over Pd/CeO2 catalystAhmad Yaghi0Labeeb Ali1Toyin Shittu2Abbas Khaleel3Mohammednoor Altarawneh4United Arab Emirates University, Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Sheikh Khalifa bin Zayed Street, Al-Ain, 15551, United Arab EmiratesUnited Arab Emirates University, Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Sheikh Khalifa bin Zayed Street, Al-Ain, 15551, United Arab EmiratesUnited Arab Emirates University, Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Sheikh Khalifa bin Zayed Street, Al-Ain, 15551, United Arab EmiratesUnited Arab Emirates University, Department of Chemistry, Sheikh Khalifa bin Zayed Street, Al-Ain, 15551, United Arab EmiratesUnited Arab Emirates University, Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Sheikh Khalifa bin Zayed Street, Al-Ain, 15551, United Arab Emirates; Corresponding author.Vanillin (4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde) is an important platform chemical compound that is invariably produced from pyrolysis of various categories of biomass. Hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) of vanillin has been a thematic topic in catalysis with the underlying aim to devise processes and reactions for catalytic upgrading of bio-oil and in the production of value-added products. Herein, we investigate the HDO of an evaporated stream of vanillin over a 4 % load of palladium supported on ceria; a Pd/CeO2 catalyst. The synthesized catalyst was characterized by various techniques including XRD, XPS, EDX-SEM, HR-TEM, and TPR. The HDO reaction (carried out at temperatures from 100 °C to 300 °C at 10 °C/min ramp rate with a 5 % H2 feed ratio) resulted in a 95 % conversion of vanillin with an 85 % yield of guaiacol (2-methoxyphenol). Minute loads of alkylbenzene compounds (mainly xylene and ethylbenzene) also emerged. DFT computations elucidate pathways for the observed formation of guaiacol where synergistic effects of both Pd and vacant oxygen sites are highlighted. Overall, we presented a viable HDO route for an oxygenated biomass model compound at mild operational conditions (intermediate temperatures, ambient pressure, and moderate H2/Feed ratio).http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666016424002184HydrodeoxygenationVanillinGuaiacolPalladiumCerium oxide
spellingShingle Ahmad Yaghi
Labeeb Ali
Toyin Shittu
Abbas Khaleel
Mohammednoor Altarawneh
Hydrodeoxygenation of gas-phase vanillin biomass model compound into guaiacol over Pd/CeO2 catalyst
Case Studies in Chemical and Environmental Engineering
Hydrodeoxygenation
Vanillin
Guaiacol
Palladium
Cerium oxide
title Hydrodeoxygenation of gas-phase vanillin biomass model compound into guaiacol over Pd/CeO2 catalyst
title_full Hydrodeoxygenation of gas-phase vanillin biomass model compound into guaiacol over Pd/CeO2 catalyst
title_fullStr Hydrodeoxygenation of gas-phase vanillin biomass model compound into guaiacol over Pd/CeO2 catalyst
title_full_unstemmed Hydrodeoxygenation of gas-phase vanillin biomass model compound into guaiacol over Pd/CeO2 catalyst
title_short Hydrodeoxygenation of gas-phase vanillin biomass model compound into guaiacol over Pd/CeO2 catalyst
title_sort hydrodeoxygenation of gas phase vanillin biomass model compound into guaiacol over pd ceo2 catalyst
topic Hydrodeoxygenation
Vanillin
Guaiacol
Palladium
Cerium oxide
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666016424002184
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AT toyinshittu hydrodeoxygenationofgasphasevanillinbiomassmodelcompoundintoguaiacoloverpdceo2catalyst
AT abbaskhaleel hydrodeoxygenationofgasphasevanillinbiomassmodelcompoundintoguaiacoloverpdceo2catalyst
AT mohammednooraltarawneh hydrodeoxygenationofgasphasevanillinbiomassmodelcompoundintoguaiacoloverpdceo2catalyst