Automatic maxillary sinus segmentation and age estimation model for the northwestern Chinese Han population

Abstract Background Age estimation is vital in forensic science, with maxillary sinus development serving as a reliable indicator. This study developed an automatic segmentation model for maxillary sinus identification and parameter measurement, combined with regression and machine learning models f...

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Main Authors: Yu-Xin Guo, Jun-Long Lan, Wen-Qing Bu, Yu Tang, Di Wu, Hui Yang, Jia-Chen Ren, Yu-Xuan Song, Hong-Ying Yue, Yu-Cheng Guo, Hao-Tian Meng
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-02-01
Series:BMC Oral Health
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-025-05618-x
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author Yu-Xin Guo
Jun-Long Lan
Wen-Qing Bu
Yu Tang
Di Wu
Hui Yang
Jia-Chen Ren
Yu-Xuan Song
Hong-Ying Yue
Yu-Cheng Guo
Hao-Tian Meng
author_facet Yu-Xin Guo
Jun-Long Lan
Wen-Qing Bu
Yu Tang
Di Wu
Hui Yang
Jia-Chen Ren
Yu-Xuan Song
Hong-Ying Yue
Yu-Cheng Guo
Hao-Tian Meng
author_sort Yu-Xin Guo
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background Age estimation is vital in forensic science, with maxillary sinus development serving as a reliable indicator. This study developed an automatic segmentation model for maxillary sinus identification and parameter measurement, combined with regression and machine learning models for age estimation. Methods Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) images from 292 Han individuals (ranging from 5 to 53 years) were used to train and validate the segmentation model. Measurements included sinus dimensions (length, width, height), inter-sinus distance, and volume. Age estimation models using multiple linear regression and random forest algorithms were built based on these variables. Results The automatic segmentation model achieved high accuracy, which yielded a Dice similarity coefficient (DSC) of 0.873, an Intersection over Union (IoU) of 0.7753, a Hausdorff Distance 95% (HD95) of 9.8337, and an Average Surface Distance (ASD) of 2.4507. The regression model performed best, with mean absolute errors (MAE) of 1.45 years (under 18) and 3.51 years (aged 18 and above), providing relatively precise age predictions. Conclusion The maxillary sinus-based model is a promising tool for age estimation, particularly in adults, and could be enhanced by incorporating additional variables like dental dimensions.
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spelling doaj-art-f9ee4e63ad0d4c5ebf9d608e267669e22025-08-20T02:16:39ZengBMCBMC Oral Health1472-68312025-02-0125111010.1186/s12903-025-05618-xAutomatic maxillary sinus segmentation and age estimation model for the northwestern Chinese Han populationYu-Xin Guo0Jun-Long Lan1Wen-Qing Bu2Yu Tang3Di Wu4Hui Yang5Jia-Chen Ren6Yu-Xuan Song7Hong-Ying Yue8Yu-Cheng Guo9Hao-Tian Meng10Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityKey Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityKey Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityKey Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityKey Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityKey Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityKey Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityCollege of Forensic Science, Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityKey Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityKey Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityKey Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityAbstract Background Age estimation is vital in forensic science, with maxillary sinus development serving as a reliable indicator. This study developed an automatic segmentation model for maxillary sinus identification and parameter measurement, combined with regression and machine learning models for age estimation. Methods Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) images from 292 Han individuals (ranging from 5 to 53 years) were used to train and validate the segmentation model. Measurements included sinus dimensions (length, width, height), inter-sinus distance, and volume. Age estimation models using multiple linear regression and random forest algorithms were built based on these variables. Results The automatic segmentation model achieved high accuracy, which yielded a Dice similarity coefficient (DSC) of 0.873, an Intersection over Union (IoU) of 0.7753, a Hausdorff Distance 95% (HD95) of 9.8337, and an Average Surface Distance (ASD) of 2.4507. The regression model performed best, with mean absolute errors (MAE) of 1.45 years (under 18) and 3.51 years (aged 18 and above), providing relatively precise age predictions. Conclusion The maxillary sinus-based model is a promising tool for age estimation, particularly in adults, and could be enhanced by incorporating additional variables like dental dimensions.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-025-05618-xAge estimationForensic anthropologyMaxillary sinusAutomatic segmentationMachine learning
spellingShingle Yu-Xin Guo
Jun-Long Lan
Wen-Qing Bu
Yu Tang
Di Wu
Hui Yang
Jia-Chen Ren
Yu-Xuan Song
Hong-Ying Yue
Yu-Cheng Guo
Hao-Tian Meng
Automatic maxillary sinus segmentation and age estimation model for the northwestern Chinese Han population
BMC Oral Health
Age estimation
Forensic anthropology
Maxillary sinus
Automatic segmentation
Machine learning
title Automatic maxillary sinus segmentation and age estimation model for the northwestern Chinese Han population
title_full Automatic maxillary sinus segmentation and age estimation model for the northwestern Chinese Han population
title_fullStr Automatic maxillary sinus segmentation and age estimation model for the northwestern Chinese Han population
title_full_unstemmed Automatic maxillary sinus segmentation and age estimation model for the northwestern Chinese Han population
title_short Automatic maxillary sinus segmentation and age estimation model for the northwestern Chinese Han population
title_sort automatic maxillary sinus segmentation and age estimation model for the northwestern chinese han population
topic Age estimation
Forensic anthropology
Maxillary sinus
Automatic segmentation
Machine learning
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-025-05618-x
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