Early Steps in the DNA Base Excision Repair Pathway of a Fission Yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe
DNA base excision repair (BER) accounts for maintaining genomic integrity by removing damaged bases that are generated endogenously or induced by genotoxic agents. In this paper, we describe the roles of enzymes functioning in the early steps of BER in fission yeast. Although BER is an evolutionaril...
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| Format: | Article |
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Wiley
2010-01-01
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| Series: | Journal of Nucleic Acids |
| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.4061/2010/450926 |
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| author | Kyoichiro Kanamitsu Shogo Ikeda |
| author_facet | Kyoichiro Kanamitsu Shogo Ikeda |
| author_sort | Kyoichiro Kanamitsu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | DNA base excision repair (BER) accounts for maintaining genomic integrity by removing damaged bases that are generated endogenously or induced by genotoxic agents. In this paper, we describe the roles of enzymes functioning in the early steps of BER in fission yeast. Although BER is an evolutionarily conserved process, some unique features of the yeast repair pathway were revealed by genetic and biochemical approaches. AP sites generated by monofunctional DNA glycosylases are incised mainly by AP lyase activity of Nth1p, a sole bifunctional glycosylase in yeast, to leave a blocked 3′ end. The major AP endonuclease Apn2p functions predominantly in removing the 3′ block. Finally, a DNA polymerase fills the gap, and a DNA ligase seals the nick (Nth1p-dependent or short patch BER). Apn1p backs up Apn2p. In long patch BER, Rad2p endonuclease removes flap DNA containing a lesion after DNA synthesis. A UV-specific endonuclease Uve1p engages in an alternative pathway by nicking DNA on the 5′ side of oxidative damage. Nucleotide excision repair and homologous recombination are involved in repair of BER intermediates including the AP site and single-strand break with the 3′ block. Other enzymes working in 3′ end processing are also discussed. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-f9bdbd6bb2cb43c2867c3bf6440b5699 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2090-021X |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2010-01-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
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| series | Journal of Nucleic Acids |
| spelling | doaj-art-f9bdbd6bb2cb43c2867c3bf6440b56992025-08-20T02:22:43ZengWileyJournal of Nucleic Acids2090-021X2010-01-01201010.4061/2010/450926450926Early Steps in the DNA Base Excision Repair Pathway of a Fission Yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombeKyoichiro Kanamitsu0Shogo Ikeda1Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Okayama University of Science, 1-1 Ridai-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-0005, JapanDepartment of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Okayama University of Science, 1-1 Ridai-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-0005, JapanDNA base excision repair (BER) accounts for maintaining genomic integrity by removing damaged bases that are generated endogenously or induced by genotoxic agents. In this paper, we describe the roles of enzymes functioning in the early steps of BER in fission yeast. Although BER is an evolutionarily conserved process, some unique features of the yeast repair pathway were revealed by genetic and biochemical approaches. AP sites generated by monofunctional DNA glycosylases are incised mainly by AP lyase activity of Nth1p, a sole bifunctional glycosylase in yeast, to leave a blocked 3′ end. The major AP endonuclease Apn2p functions predominantly in removing the 3′ block. Finally, a DNA polymerase fills the gap, and a DNA ligase seals the nick (Nth1p-dependent or short patch BER). Apn1p backs up Apn2p. In long patch BER, Rad2p endonuclease removes flap DNA containing a lesion after DNA synthesis. A UV-specific endonuclease Uve1p engages in an alternative pathway by nicking DNA on the 5′ side of oxidative damage. Nucleotide excision repair and homologous recombination are involved in repair of BER intermediates including the AP site and single-strand break with the 3′ block. Other enzymes working in 3′ end processing are also discussed.http://dx.doi.org/10.4061/2010/450926 |
| spellingShingle | Kyoichiro Kanamitsu Shogo Ikeda Early Steps in the DNA Base Excision Repair Pathway of a Fission Yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe Journal of Nucleic Acids |
| title | Early Steps in the DNA Base Excision Repair Pathway of a Fission Yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe |
| title_full | Early Steps in the DNA Base Excision Repair Pathway of a Fission Yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe |
| title_fullStr | Early Steps in the DNA Base Excision Repair Pathway of a Fission Yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe |
| title_full_unstemmed | Early Steps in the DNA Base Excision Repair Pathway of a Fission Yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe |
| title_short | Early Steps in the DNA Base Excision Repair Pathway of a Fission Yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe |
| title_sort | early steps in the dna base excision repair pathway of a fission yeast schizosaccharomyces pombe |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.4061/2010/450926 |
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