GPR176 Is a Biomarker for Predicting Prognosis and Immune Infiltration in Stomach Adenocarcinoma
Immunotherapy based on immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) is considered to be a promising treatment for stomach adenocarcinoma (STAD), but only a minority of patients benefit from it. It is believed that the poor therapeutic efficacy is attributed to the complex tumor immune microenvironment (TIM)...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2023-01-01
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| Series: | Mediators of Inflammation |
| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/7123568 |
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| author | Lin Ni Shuming Chen Jianyong Liu He Li Hu Zhao Chunhua Zheng Yawei Zhang Hancong Huang Junjie Huang Bing Wang Chengzhi Lin |
| author_facet | Lin Ni Shuming Chen Jianyong Liu He Li Hu Zhao Chunhua Zheng Yawei Zhang Hancong Huang Junjie Huang Bing Wang Chengzhi Lin |
| author_sort | Lin Ni |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Immunotherapy based on immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) is considered to be a promising treatment for stomach adenocarcinoma (STAD), but only a minority of patients benefit from it. It is believed that the poor therapeutic efficacy is attributed to the complex tumor immune microenvironment (TIM) of STAD. Therefore, elucidating the specific regulatory mechanism of TIM in STAD is critical. Previous study suggests that GRP176 may be involved in regulating the pace of circadian behavior, and its role in tumors has not been reported. In this study, we first found that GPR176 was highly expressed in STAD and negatively correlated with patient prognosis. Next, we investigated the relationship between GPR176 and clinical characteristics, and the results showed that the stage is closely related to the level of GPR176. In addition, our further analysis found that GRP176 expression level was significantly correlated with chemotherapeutic drug sensitivity and ICI response. KEGG and GO analyses showed that GPR176 might be involved in stromal remodeling of STAD. Furthermore, we analyzed the association between GPR176 expression and immune implication, and the results revealed that GPR176 was negatively related to the infiltration of various immune cells. Interestingly, GPR176 induced the conversion of TIM while reducing the tumor immune burden (TMB). The expression of GRP176 is closely related to the level of various immunomodulators. Moreover, we performed univariate and multivariate regression analyses on the immunomodulators and finally obtained 4 genes (CRCR4, TNSF18, PDCD1, and TGFB1). Then, we constructed a GRP176-related immunomodulator prognostic model (GRIM) based on the above 4 genes, which was validated to have good predictive power. Finally, we developed a nomogram based on the risk score of GRIM and verified its accuracy. These results suggested that GPR176 is closely related to the prognosis and TIM of STAD. GPR176 may be a new potential target for immunotherapy in STAD. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-f9a8e66bacc84e8dae9f46e3ce5b8433 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1466-1861 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Mediators of Inflammation |
| spelling | doaj-art-f9a8e66bacc84e8dae9f46e3ce5b84332025-02-03T01:30:45ZengWileyMediators of Inflammation1466-18612023-01-01202310.1155/2023/7123568GPR176 Is a Biomarker for Predicting Prognosis and Immune Infiltration in Stomach AdenocarcinomaLin Ni0Shuming Chen1Jianyong Liu2He Li3Hu Zhao4Chunhua Zheng5Yawei Zhang6Hancong Huang7Junjie Huang8Bing Wang9Chengzhi Lin10Department of General SurgeryDepartment of General SurgeryDepartment of Hepatobiliary SurgeryDepartment of General SurgeryDepartment of General SurgeryDepartment of General SurgeryDepartment of General SurgeryDepartment of General SurgeryDepartment of General SurgeryDepartment of General SurgeryDepartment of General SurgeryImmunotherapy based on immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) is considered to be a promising treatment for stomach adenocarcinoma (STAD), but only a minority of patients benefit from it. It is believed that the poor therapeutic efficacy is attributed to the complex tumor immune microenvironment (TIM) of STAD. Therefore, elucidating the specific regulatory mechanism of TIM in STAD is critical. Previous study suggests that GRP176 may be involved in regulating the pace of circadian behavior, and its role in tumors has not been reported. In this study, we first found that GPR176 was highly expressed in STAD and negatively correlated with patient prognosis. Next, we investigated the relationship between GPR176 and clinical characteristics, and the results showed that the stage is closely related to the level of GPR176. In addition, our further analysis found that GRP176 expression level was significantly correlated with chemotherapeutic drug sensitivity and ICI response. KEGG and GO analyses showed that GPR176 might be involved in stromal remodeling of STAD. Furthermore, we analyzed the association between GPR176 expression and immune implication, and the results revealed that GPR176 was negatively related to the infiltration of various immune cells. Interestingly, GPR176 induced the conversion of TIM while reducing the tumor immune burden (TMB). The expression of GRP176 is closely related to the level of various immunomodulators. Moreover, we performed univariate and multivariate regression analyses on the immunomodulators and finally obtained 4 genes (CRCR4, TNSF18, PDCD1, and TGFB1). Then, we constructed a GRP176-related immunomodulator prognostic model (GRIM) based on the above 4 genes, which was validated to have good predictive power. Finally, we developed a nomogram based on the risk score of GRIM and verified its accuracy. These results suggested that GPR176 is closely related to the prognosis and TIM of STAD. GPR176 may be a new potential target for immunotherapy in STAD.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/7123568 |
| spellingShingle | Lin Ni Shuming Chen Jianyong Liu He Li Hu Zhao Chunhua Zheng Yawei Zhang Hancong Huang Junjie Huang Bing Wang Chengzhi Lin GPR176 Is a Biomarker for Predicting Prognosis and Immune Infiltration in Stomach Adenocarcinoma Mediators of Inflammation |
| title | GPR176 Is a Biomarker for Predicting Prognosis and Immune Infiltration in Stomach Adenocarcinoma |
| title_full | GPR176 Is a Biomarker for Predicting Prognosis and Immune Infiltration in Stomach Adenocarcinoma |
| title_fullStr | GPR176 Is a Biomarker for Predicting Prognosis and Immune Infiltration in Stomach Adenocarcinoma |
| title_full_unstemmed | GPR176 Is a Biomarker for Predicting Prognosis and Immune Infiltration in Stomach Adenocarcinoma |
| title_short | GPR176 Is a Biomarker for Predicting Prognosis and Immune Infiltration in Stomach Adenocarcinoma |
| title_sort | gpr176 is a biomarker for predicting prognosis and immune infiltration in stomach adenocarcinoma |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/7123568 |
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