Water Quality Parameters Evaluation of Sipna Stream, Duhok area, Kurdistan Region-Iraq
Due to the security situation surrounding the Sipna area, there has been a rapid migration of the population to the Sipna area over the past fifteen years, which has increased agricultural activities as well as some small and medium factories. This has necessitated the evaluation of the water quali...
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Tikrit University
2023-08-01
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| Series: | Tikrit Journal of Pure Science |
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| Online Access: | https://tjpsj.org/index.php/tjps/article/view/1528 |
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| author | Muslih A. Solaiman Hikmat S. Al-Jaleel Imaddadin Hassan |
| author_facet | Muslih A. Solaiman Hikmat S. Al-Jaleel Imaddadin Hassan |
| author_sort | Muslih A. Solaiman |
| collection | DOAJ |
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Due to the security situation surrounding the Sipna area, there has been a rapid migration of the population to the Sipna area over the past fifteen years, which has increased agricultural activities as well as some small and medium factories. This has necessitated the evaluation of the water quality and its appropriateness for various uses in the Sipna area. The Sipna stream, which is part of the Greater Zab River, is located in the Sheladize area, 60 km to the northeast of Duhok City in the Iraqi Kurdistan Region. Between the low-flow season (12-October/2021) and the high-flow season (18-April/2022), forty surface water samples were taken by polyethylene bottle from both seasons. The study aims to assess the quality of surface water and the extent of the impact of human activities on the Sipna stream and the possibility of using it as a database for comparison in the future. The findings indicate that Ca-bicarbonate and TDS values range from 219-606 ppm with an average of 321 ppm for the dry season and 188-685 ppm with an average of 251 ppm for the wet season, it is the dominant water type in the study area. According to to mean values, the main ion concentrations for cations were Ca2+> Mg2+> Na+> K+, and HCO3-> SO42-> Cl-> NO3- anions. The most prevalent hydrochemical natural processes are rock weathering and its mainly responsible for the water quality in the study area. Water indices and comparisons to the WHO standard revealed that the Sipna stream's quality is suitable for use as drinking water and a wide range of other purposes.
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| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-f91e3c3884374bfbbdfb48c11abb2821 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1813-1662 2415-1726 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2023-08-01 |
| publisher | Tikrit University |
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| series | Tikrit Journal of Pure Science |
| spelling | doaj-art-f91e3c3884374bfbbdfb48c11abb28212025-08-20T03:28:59ZengTikrit UniversityTikrit Journal of Pure Science1813-16622415-17262023-08-0128410.25130/tjps.v28i4.1528Water Quality Parameters Evaluation of Sipna Stream, Duhok area, Kurdistan Region-Iraq Muslih A. Solaiman0Hikmat S. Al-Jaleel1Imaddadin Hassan 2Department of Geology, Salahaddin University, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, IraqDepartment of Geology, Salahaddin University, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, IraqDepartment of Geology, Salahaddin University, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq Due to the security situation surrounding the Sipna area, there has been a rapid migration of the population to the Sipna area over the past fifteen years, which has increased agricultural activities as well as some small and medium factories. This has necessitated the evaluation of the water quality and its appropriateness for various uses in the Sipna area. The Sipna stream, which is part of the Greater Zab River, is located in the Sheladize area, 60 km to the northeast of Duhok City in the Iraqi Kurdistan Region. Between the low-flow season (12-October/2021) and the high-flow season (18-April/2022), forty surface water samples were taken by polyethylene bottle from both seasons. The study aims to assess the quality of surface water and the extent of the impact of human activities on the Sipna stream and the possibility of using it as a database for comparison in the future. The findings indicate that Ca-bicarbonate and TDS values range from 219-606 ppm with an average of 321 ppm for the dry season and 188-685 ppm with an average of 251 ppm for the wet season, it is the dominant water type in the study area. According to to mean values, the main ion concentrations for cations were Ca2+> Mg2+> Na+> K+, and HCO3-> SO42-> Cl-> NO3- anions. The most prevalent hydrochemical natural processes are rock weathering and its mainly responsible for the water quality in the study area. Water indices and comparisons to the WHO standard revealed that the Sipna stream's quality is suitable for use as drinking water and a wide range of other purposes. https://tjpsj.org/index.php/tjps/article/view/1528KurdistanSipnaHydrochemistrySecurity situationGibbs diagram |
| spellingShingle | Muslih A. Solaiman Hikmat S. Al-Jaleel Imaddadin Hassan Water Quality Parameters Evaluation of Sipna Stream, Duhok area, Kurdistan Region-Iraq Tikrit Journal of Pure Science Kurdistan Sipna Hydrochemistry Security situation Gibbs diagram |
| title | Water Quality Parameters Evaluation of Sipna Stream, Duhok area, Kurdistan Region-Iraq |
| title_full | Water Quality Parameters Evaluation of Sipna Stream, Duhok area, Kurdistan Region-Iraq |
| title_fullStr | Water Quality Parameters Evaluation of Sipna Stream, Duhok area, Kurdistan Region-Iraq |
| title_full_unstemmed | Water Quality Parameters Evaluation of Sipna Stream, Duhok area, Kurdistan Region-Iraq |
| title_short | Water Quality Parameters Evaluation of Sipna Stream, Duhok area, Kurdistan Region-Iraq |
| title_sort | water quality parameters evaluation of sipna stream duhok area kurdistan region iraq |
| topic | Kurdistan Sipna Hydrochemistry Security situation Gibbs diagram |
| url | https://tjpsj.org/index.php/tjps/article/view/1528 |
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