Mental states and temperaments contributing to suicidal crisis in psychiatric inpatients: a cross-sectional and validation study

Abstract Background A suicide crisis represents a psychological state preceding a suicide behavior and occurs when an individual experiences intolerable emotions. Only a few instruments have been developed so far to assess cognitions and emotions associated with a specific interpretative model of th...

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Main Authors: Marco Innamorati, Denise Erbuto, Elena Rogante, Salvatore Sarubbi, Maria Anna Trocchia, Mariarosaria Cifrodelli, Monica Migliorati, Anna Comparelli, Isabella Berardelli, Maurizio Pompili
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-02-01
Series:BMC Psychiatry
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-025-06482-3
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author Marco Innamorati
Denise Erbuto
Elena Rogante
Salvatore Sarubbi
Maria Anna Trocchia
Mariarosaria Cifrodelli
Monica Migliorati
Anna Comparelli
Isabella Berardelli
Maurizio Pompili
author_facet Marco Innamorati
Denise Erbuto
Elena Rogante
Salvatore Sarubbi
Maria Anna Trocchia
Mariarosaria Cifrodelli
Monica Migliorati
Anna Comparelli
Isabella Berardelli
Maurizio Pompili
author_sort Marco Innamorati
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background A suicide crisis represents a psychological state preceding a suicide behavior and occurs when an individual experiences intolerable emotions. Only a few instruments have been developed so far to assess cognitions and emotions associated with a specific interpretative model of the suicide crisis. Objectives We aimed to (1) evaluate the psychometric properties of a new questionnaire (Suicidal Crisis Evaluation Scale, SCES) that could potentially assess cognitions and emotions relevant to the suicide crisis; (2) evaluate whether cognitions and emotions investigated with the SCES were characteristics of psychiatric patients at greater risk for suicide; (3) investigate whether the presence and severity of suicide-relevant cognitions and mental states could be associated with affective temperaments; and (3) study whether the severity of current depression at least partially mediated the association between affective temperaments and negative mental states. Methods We included 188 adult psychiatric inpatients admitted to the Sant’Andrea Hospital psychiatric inpatient unit in Rome. We administered the SCES and questionnaires to measure current depression, and affective temperaments. Results A common factor explained around 70% of SCES variance, and SCES scores were significantly higher in patients with a recent suicide attempt than in other patients. Part of the variance in common between some affective temperaments and SCES scores was explained by the presence and severity of current depressive symptoms. Conclusion Psychiatric patients need to be assessed for the presence and severity of cognitions and emotions present during the suicide crisis for a better understanding of the complex architecture of suicide risk. The SCES is a valid and reliable measure that could capture such mental states. More studies are necessary to confirm and expand our results in independent samples.
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spelling doaj-art-f8ff96d255f341f7afcd69f9ac262a672025-08-20T02:15:08ZengBMCBMC Psychiatry1471-244X2025-02-0125111010.1186/s12888-025-06482-3Mental states and temperaments contributing to suicidal crisis in psychiatric inpatients: a cross-sectional and validation studyMarco Innamorati0Denise Erbuto1Elena Rogante2Salvatore Sarubbi3Maria Anna Trocchia4Mariarosaria Cifrodelli5Monica Migliorati6Anna Comparelli7Isabella Berardelli8Maurizio Pompili9Department of Human Sciences, European University of RomeDepartment of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Suicide Prevention Centre, Sant’Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of RomeDepartment of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Suicide Prevention Centre, Sant’Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of RomeDepartment of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Suicide Prevention Centre, Sant’Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of RomePsychiatric Residency Training Program, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of RomePsychiatric Residency Training Program, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of RomeDepartment of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Suicide Prevention Centre, Sant’Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of RomeDepartment of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Suicide Prevention Centre, Sant’Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of RomeDepartment of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Suicide Prevention Centre, Sant’Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of RomeDepartment of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Suicide Prevention Centre, Sant’Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of RomeAbstract Background A suicide crisis represents a psychological state preceding a suicide behavior and occurs when an individual experiences intolerable emotions. Only a few instruments have been developed so far to assess cognitions and emotions associated with a specific interpretative model of the suicide crisis. Objectives We aimed to (1) evaluate the psychometric properties of a new questionnaire (Suicidal Crisis Evaluation Scale, SCES) that could potentially assess cognitions and emotions relevant to the suicide crisis; (2) evaluate whether cognitions and emotions investigated with the SCES were characteristics of psychiatric patients at greater risk for suicide; (3) investigate whether the presence and severity of suicide-relevant cognitions and mental states could be associated with affective temperaments; and (3) study whether the severity of current depression at least partially mediated the association between affective temperaments and negative mental states. Methods We included 188 adult psychiatric inpatients admitted to the Sant’Andrea Hospital psychiatric inpatient unit in Rome. We administered the SCES and questionnaires to measure current depression, and affective temperaments. Results A common factor explained around 70% of SCES variance, and SCES scores were significantly higher in patients with a recent suicide attempt than in other patients. Part of the variance in common between some affective temperaments and SCES scores was explained by the presence and severity of current depressive symptoms. Conclusion Psychiatric patients need to be assessed for the presence and severity of cognitions and emotions present during the suicide crisis for a better understanding of the complex architecture of suicide risk. The SCES is a valid and reliable measure that could capture such mental states. More studies are necessary to confirm and expand our results in independent samples.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-025-06482-3Suicide ideationSuicide attemptsSuicide crisisDepressionAffective temperaments
spellingShingle Marco Innamorati
Denise Erbuto
Elena Rogante
Salvatore Sarubbi
Maria Anna Trocchia
Mariarosaria Cifrodelli
Monica Migliorati
Anna Comparelli
Isabella Berardelli
Maurizio Pompili
Mental states and temperaments contributing to suicidal crisis in psychiatric inpatients: a cross-sectional and validation study
BMC Psychiatry
Suicide ideation
Suicide attempts
Suicide crisis
Depression
Affective temperaments
title Mental states and temperaments contributing to suicidal crisis in psychiatric inpatients: a cross-sectional and validation study
title_full Mental states and temperaments contributing to suicidal crisis in psychiatric inpatients: a cross-sectional and validation study
title_fullStr Mental states and temperaments contributing to suicidal crisis in psychiatric inpatients: a cross-sectional and validation study
title_full_unstemmed Mental states and temperaments contributing to suicidal crisis in psychiatric inpatients: a cross-sectional and validation study
title_short Mental states and temperaments contributing to suicidal crisis in psychiatric inpatients: a cross-sectional and validation study
title_sort mental states and temperaments contributing to suicidal crisis in psychiatric inpatients a cross sectional and validation study
topic Suicide ideation
Suicide attempts
Suicide crisis
Depression
Affective temperaments
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-025-06482-3
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