Clustering of non-communicable disease risk factors among school teachers: A cross-sectional study in Kerala, India
Background: There is limited data on non-communicable disease (NCD) risk factors among teachers in low and middle-income settings. We assessed the prevalence and clustering of NCD risk factors among school teachers in Kerala. Methods: This study analyzed data from 2216 school teachers in the Thiruva...
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Elsevier
2025-03-01
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| Series: | Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2213398425000405 |
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| author | Mini GK Sangeeth KS Anand Marthanda Pillai Sarma PS Thankappan KR |
| author_facet | Mini GK Sangeeth KS Anand Marthanda Pillai Sarma PS Thankappan KR |
| author_sort | Mini GK |
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| description | Background: There is limited data on non-communicable disease (NCD) risk factors among teachers in low and middle-income settings. We assessed the prevalence and clustering of NCD risk factors among school teachers in Kerala. Methods: This study analyzed data from 2216 school teachers in the Thiruvananthapuram district of Kerala. The World Health Organization (WHO) STEPs questionnaire for NCD risk factor surveillance was used. We collected socio-demographic information and behavioural risk factors using STEP-1 and clinical measurements using STEP-2. We included WHO recommended four behavioural risk factors and four metabolic risk factors for analysis. Results: The main risk factors were physical inactivity (76.4 %) and overweight/obesity (68.8 %). Current tobacco use was reported by 5 % of men, while 13.4 % of men and 2.6 % of women reported alcohol use. A quarter of teachers consumed than five servings of fruits and vegetables daily. Self-reported diabetes prevalence was 10.6 % and dyslipidaemia was 22.4 %. Hypertension prevalence was 18.1 %. Only 2.8 % had no risk factors, 18.9 % had one, 37.7 % had two, and 40.6 % had three or more. Among physically inactive participants, the most common co-occurring risk factor was overweight, followed by insufficient fruit and vegetable intake. For overweight participants, physical inactivity and insufficient fruit and vegetable consumption were prevalent. In hypertensives, the most common co-morbidity was being overweight, followed by physical inactivity. Conclusion: A higher proportion of teachers had three or more NCD risk factors indicating the need for targeted interventions for school teachers to mitigate these risk factors to prevent NCDs. |
| format | Article |
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| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2213-3984 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-03-01 |
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| series | Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health |
| spelling | doaj-art-f8b96b10332344d1bac0607adbc10b4a2025-02-07T04:47:30ZengElsevierClinical Epidemiology and Global Health2213-39842025-03-0132101951Clustering of non-communicable disease risk factors among school teachers: A cross-sectional study in Kerala, IndiaMini GK0Sangeeth KS1Anand Marthanda Pillai2Sarma PS3Thankappan KR4Achutha Menon Centre for Health Science Studies, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Trivandrum, Kerala, India; Global Institute of Public Health, Ananthapuri Hospitals and Research Institute, Trivandrum, Kerala, India; Department of Public Health Dentistry, Saveetha Dental Colleges & Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, India; Corresponding author. Global Institute of Public Health, Ananthapuri Hospitals and Research Institute, Trivandrum, Kerala, India, 695024.Department of Psychology, Central University of Karnataka, Gulbarga, Karnataka, IndiaGlobal Institute of Public Health, Ananthapuri Hospitals and Research Institute, Trivandrum, Kerala, India; Department of Cardiology, Ananthapuri Hospitals and Research Institute, Trivandrum, Kerala, IndiaAchutha Menon Centre for Health Science Studies, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Trivandrum, Kerala, India; Department of Public Health, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Kochi, Kerala, IndiaAchutha Menon Centre for Health Science Studies, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Trivandrum, Kerala, India; Department of Public Health, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Kochi, Kerala, IndiaBackground: There is limited data on non-communicable disease (NCD) risk factors among teachers in low and middle-income settings. We assessed the prevalence and clustering of NCD risk factors among school teachers in Kerala. Methods: This study analyzed data from 2216 school teachers in the Thiruvananthapuram district of Kerala. The World Health Organization (WHO) STEPs questionnaire for NCD risk factor surveillance was used. We collected socio-demographic information and behavioural risk factors using STEP-1 and clinical measurements using STEP-2. We included WHO recommended four behavioural risk factors and four metabolic risk factors for analysis. Results: The main risk factors were physical inactivity (76.4 %) and overweight/obesity (68.8 %). Current tobacco use was reported by 5 % of men, while 13.4 % of men and 2.6 % of women reported alcohol use. A quarter of teachers consumed than five servings of fruits and vegetables daily. Self-reported diabetes prevalence was 10.6 % and dyslipidaemia was 22.4 %. Hypertension prevalence was 18.1 %. Only 2.8 % had no risk factors, 18.9 % had one, 37.7 % had two, and 40.6 % had three or more. Among physically inactive participants, the most common co-occurring risk factor was overweight, followed by insufficient fruit and vegetable intake. For overweight participants, physical inactivity and insufficient fruit and vegetable consumption were prevalent. In hypertensives, the most common co-morbidity was being overweight, followed by physical inactivity. Conclusion: A higher proportion of teachers had three or more NCD risk factors indicating the need for targeted interventions for school teachers to mitigate these risk factors to prevent NCDs.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2213398425000405ClusteringIndiaKeralaNon-communicable diseasesSchool teachersWHO-STEPS |
| spellingShingle | Mini GK Sangeeth KS Anand Marthanda Pillai Sarma PS Thankappan KR Clustering of non-communicable disease risk factors among school teachers: A cross-sectional study in Kerala, India Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health Clustering India Kerala Non-communicable diseases School teachers WHO-STEPS |
| title | Clustering of non-communicable disease risk factors among school teachers: A cross-sectional study in Kerala, India |
| title_full | Clustering of non-communicable disease risk factors among school teachers: A cross-sectional study in Kerala, India |
| title_fullStr | Clustering of non-communicable disease risk factors among school teachers: A cross-sectional study in Kerala, India |
| title_full_unstemmed | Clustering of non-communicable disease risk factors among school teachers: A cross-sectional study in Kerala, India |
| title_short | Clustering of non-communicable disease risk factors among school teachers: A cross-sectional study in Kerala, India |
| title_sort | clustering of non communicable disease risk factors among school teachers a cross sectional study in kerala india |
| topic | Clustering India Kerala Non-communicable diseases School teachers WHO-STEPS |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2213398425000405 |
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