Comparative Analysis of 3D Shank Kinematics During Walking: Stroke Patients Versus Healthy Individuals

This study investigated the 3-axis gait kinematics of people with stroke to healthy individuals. The specific focus was stroke effects on shank movements in the sagittal, frontal and transverse planes. Sixteen stroke patients and sixteen healthy participants walked along a 10-meter walkway at self-c...

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Main Authors: Thanita Sanghan, Nusreena Hohsoh, Tulaya Dissaneewate, Desmond Y. R. Chong, Goran Stojanovic, Rezaul Begg, Surapong Chatpun
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: IEEE 2025-01-01
Series:IEEE Access
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Online Access:https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10994433/
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author Thanita Sanghan
Nusreena Hohsoh
Tulaya Dissaneewate
Desmond Y. R. Chong
Goran Stojanovic
Rezaul Begg
Surapong Chatpun
author_facet Thanita Sanghan
Nusreena Hohsoh
Tulaya Dissaneewate
Desmond Y. R. Chong
Goran Stojanovic
Rezaul Begg
Surapong Chatpun
author_sort Thanita Sanghan
collection DOAJ
description This study investigated the 3-axis gait kinematics of people with stroke to healthy individuals. The specific focus was stroke effects on shank movements in the sagittal, frontal and transverse planes. Sixteen stroke patients and sixteen healthy participants walked along a 10-meter walkway at self-comfortable walking speed, with shank angular velocity measured using two gyroscopes integrated into an Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU). Gait events in all motion planes, temporal gait parameters, kinematic data, asymmetry indexes (ASI), and Bland-Altman-liked correlations were also computed. Greater diversity gait patterns were observed in stroke patients. Compared with healthy controls, stroke patients showed reduced stance time on their affected side and lower non-affected swing time, causing gait asymmetry, as reflected in higher ASIs. The stroke patients’ shank exhibited limited motion in all motion planes resulting in lower angular velocity and displacement. Sagittal plane angular velocity results were validated using intra-subject comparisons that showed good agreement between limbs in healthy subjects. These empirical findings in this study provide evidence that shank-based IMUs are effective in revealing temporal-spatial gait alterations in people with stroke compared to healthy individuals which can be exploited to develop a targeted rehabilitation plan to reduce abnormalities in the stroke patient group.
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issn 2169-3536
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spelling doaj-art-f855e480ccdf4b29bf39ebef4bb1f6372025-08-20T03:07:40ZengIEEEIEEE Access2169-35362025-01-0113832298323910.1109/ACCESS.2025.356852310994433Comparative Analysis of 3D Shank Kinematics During Walking: Stroke Patients Versus Healthy IndividualsThanita Sanghan0https://orcid.org/0009-0005-1693-5673Nusreena Hohsoh1Tulaya Dissaneewate2https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2947-0375Desmond Y. R. Chong3https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1601-9614Goran Stojanovic4https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2098-189XRezaul Begg5https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3195-8591Surapong Chatpun6https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6888-5170Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, ThailandDepartment of Biomedical Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, ThailandDepartment of Rehabilitation Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, ThailandEngineering Cluster, Singapore Institute of Technology, 10 Dover Dr, SingaporeDepartment of Electronics, Faculty of Technical Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, SerbiaInstitute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, AustraliaDepartment of Biomedical Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, ThailandThis study investigated the 3-axis gait kinematics of people with stroke to healthy individuals. The specific focus was stroke effects on shank movements in the sagittal, frontal and transverse planes. Sixteen stroke patients and sixteen healthy participants walked along a 10-meter walkway at self-comfortable walking speed, with shank angular velocity measured using two gyroscopes integrated into an Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU). Gait events in all motion planes, temporal gait parameters, kinematic data, asymmetry indexes (ASI), and Bland-Altman-liked correlations were also computed. Greater diversity gait patterns were observed in stroke patients. Compared with healthy controls, stroke patients showed reduced stance time on their affected side and lower non-affected swing time, causing gait asymmetry, as reflected in higher ASIs. The stroke patients’ shank exhibited limited motion in all motion planes resulting in lower angular velocity and displacement. Sagittal plane angular velocity results were validated using intra-subject comparisons that showed good agreement between limbs in healthy subjects. These empirical findings in this study provide evidence that shank-based IMUs are effective in revealing temporal-spatial gait alterations in people with stroke compared to healthy individuals which can be exploited to develop a targeted rehabilitation plan to reduce abnormalities in the stroke patient group.https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10994433/Angular velocityasymmetry indexgyroscopemotion planesstroke gait
spellingShingle Thanita Sanghan
Nusreena Hohsoh
Tulaya Dissaneewate
Desmond Y. R. Chong
Goran Stojanovic
Rezaul Begg
Surapong Chatpun
Comparative Analysis of 3D Shank Kinematics During Walking: Stroke Patients Versus Healthy Individuals
IEEE Access
Angular velocity
asymmetry index
gyroscope
motion planes
stroke gait
title Comparative Analysis of 3D Shank Kinematics During Walking: Stroke Patients Versus Healthy Individuals
title_full Comparative Analysis of 3D Shank Kinematics During Walking: Stroke Patients Versus Healthy Individuals
title_fullStr Comparative Analysis of 3D Shank Kinematics During Walking: Stroke Patients Versus Healthy Individuals
title_full_unstemmed Comparative Analysis of 3D Shank Kinematics During Walking: Stroke Patients Versus Healthy Individuals
title_short Comparative Analysis of 3D Shank Kinematics During Walking: Stroke Patients Versus Healthy Individuals
title_sort comparative analysis of 3d shank kinematics during walking stroke patients versus healthy individuals
topic Angular velocity
asymmetry index
gyroscope
motion planes
stroke gait
url https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10994433/
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AT tulayadissaneewate comparativeanalysisof3dshankkinematicsduringwalkingstrokepatientsversushealthyindividuals
AT desmondyrchong comparativeanalysisof3dshankkinematicsduringwalkingstrokepatientsversushealthyindividuals
AT goranstojanovic comparativeanalysisof3dshankkinematicsduringwalkingstrokepatientsversushealthyindividuals
AT rezaulbegg comparativeanalysisof3dshankkinematicsduringwalkingstrokepatientsversushealthyindividuals
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