Grammatical error correction for low-resource languages: a review of challenges, strategies, computational and future directions

Grammatical error correction (GEC) is crucial for enhancing the readability and comprehension of texts, particularly in improving text quality in low-resource languages. However, challenges such as data scarcity, linguistic diversity, and limited computational resources hinder advancements in this d...

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Main Authors: Syauqie Muhammad Marier, Xiangfan Chen, Linan Zhu, Xiangjie Kong
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: PeerJ Inc. 2025-07-01
Series:PeerJ Computer Science
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Online Access:https://peerj.com/articles/cs-3044.pdf
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author Syauqie Muhammad Marier
Xiangfan Chen
Linan Zhu
Xiangjie Kong
author_facet Syauqie Muhammad Marier
Xiangfan Chen
Linan Zhu
Xiangjie Kong
author_sort Syauqie Muhammad Marier
collection DOAJ
description Grammatical error correction (GEC) is crucial for enhancing the readability and comprehension of texts, particularly in improving text quality in low-resource languages. However, challenges such as data scarcity, linguistic diversity, and limited computational resources hinder advancements in this domain. To address these challenges, researchers have developed strategies such as synthetic data generation, multilingual pre-trained models, and cross-lingual transfer learning. This review synthesizes findings from key studies to explore effective GEC methods for low-resource languages, emphasizing approaches for handling limited annotated corpora, typological complexities, and evaluation challenges. Synthetic data generation techniques, including noise injection, adversarial error generation, and translationese-based augmentation, have proven vital for overcoming data scarcity. Multilingual and transfer learning approaches demonstrate effectiveness in adapting knowledge from high-resource languages to low-resource settings, especially when combined with fine-tuning on curated datasets. Additionally, linguistic diversity has been partially addressed through methods like morphology-aware embeddings, byte-level tokenization, and contextual data preprocessing. However, limited research exists on robust evaluation metrics tailored to diverse typologies, such as agglutinative and morphologically rich languages, and the creation of gold-standard datasets remains an ongoing challenge. Recent advancements in dataset construction and the use of large language models further enrich this field, offering scalable solutions for low-resource contexts. Despite notable progress, this review identifies gaps in evaluation methodologies and typology-specific solutions, calling for future innovations in multilingual modeling, dataset creation, and computationally efficient GEC systems tailored to the unique needs of low-resource languages.
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spelling doaj-art-f7eb1217c81f45659f00cffec906d4712025-08-20T03:34:36ZengPeerJ Inc.PeerJ Computer Science2376-59922025-07-0111e304410.7717/peerj-cs.3044Grammatical error correction for low-resource languages: a review of challenges, strategies, computational and future directionsSyauqie Muhammad Marier0Xiangfan Chen1Linan Zhu2Xiangjie Kong3Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, ChinaZhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, ChinaZhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, ChinaZhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, ChinaGrammatical error correction (GEC) is crucial for enhancing the readability and comprehension of texts, particularly in improving text quality in low-resource languages. However, challenges such as data scarcity, linguistic diversity, and limited computational resources hinder advancements in this domain. To address these challenges, researchers have developed strategies such as synthetic data generation, multilingual pre-trained models, and cross-lingual transfer learning. This review synthesizes findings from key studies to explore effective GEC methods for low-resource languages, emphasizing approaches for handling limited annotated corpora, typological complexities, and evaluation challenges. Synthetic data generation techniques, including noise injection, adversarial error generation, and translationese-based augmentation, have proven vital for overcoming data scarcity. Multilingual and transfer learning approaches demonstrate effectiveness in adapting knowledge from high-resource languages to low-resource settings, especially when combined with fine-tuning on curated datasets. Additionally, linguistic diversity has been partially addressed through methods like morphology-aware embeddings, byte-level tokenization, and contextual data preprocessing. However, limited research exists on robust evaluation metrics tailored to diverse typologies, such as agglutinative and morphologically rich languages, and the creation of gold-standard datasets remains an ongoing challenge. Recent advancements in dataset construction and the use of large language models further enrich this field, offering scalable solutions for low-resource contexts. Despite notable progress, this review identifies gaps in evaluation methodologies and typology-specific solutions, calling for future innovations in multilingual modeling, dataset creation, and computationally efficient GEC systems tailored to the unique needs of low-resource languages.https://peerj.com/articles/cs-3044.pdfGrammatical error correctionLow-resource languageGenerating data strategyData scarcityLanguage diversity
spellingShingle Syauqie Muhammad Marier
Xiangfan Chen
Linan Zhu
Xiangjie Kong
Grammatical error correction for low-resource languages: a review of challenges, strategies, computational and future directions
PeerJ Computer Science
Grammatical error correction
Low-resource language
Generating data strategy
Data scarcity
Language diversity
title Grammatical error correction for low-resource languages: a review of challenges, strategies, computational and future directions
title_full Grammatical error correction for low-resource languages: a review of challenges, strategies, computational and future directions
title_fullStr Grammatical error correction for low-resource languages: a review of challenges, strategies, computational and future directions
title_full_unstemmed Grammatical error correction for low-resource languages: a review of challenges, strategies, computational and future directions
title_short Grammatical error correction for low-resource languages: a review of challenges, strategies, computational and future directions
title_sort grammatical error correction for low resource languages a review of challenges strategies computational and future directions
topic Grammatical error correction
Low-resource language
Generating data strategy
Data scarcity
Language diversity
url https://peerj.com/articles/cs-3044.pdf
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AT linanzhu grammaticalerrorcorrectionforlowresourcelanguagesareviewofchallengesstrategiescomputationalandfuturedirections
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