Optimization, characterization, and DFT study of activated-biochar from lignocellulosic biomass for fluoroquinolone antibiotic adsorption

The presence of fluoroquinolone antibiotics in water bodies poses a significant environmental concern due to their persistence and potential ecological risks. This study explores the adsorption efficiency of BC and AC derived from lignocellulosic biomass for the removal of ciprofloxacin (CIP), levof...

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Main Authors: Kawtar Ezzahi, Imad Rabichi, Hasna Befenzi, Eric Record, Taoufiq Bouzid, Abdelghani Yaacoubi, Abdelaziz Baçaoui, Youssef Habibi, Loubna El Fels
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-09-01
Series:Results in Engineering
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S259012302502609X
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author Kawtar Ezzahi
Imad Rabichi
Hasna Befenzi
Eric Record
Taoufiq Bouzid
Abdelghani Yaacoubi
Abdelaziz Baçaoui
Youssef Habibi
Loubna El Fels
author_facet Kawtar Ezzahi
Imad Rabichi
Hasna Befenzi
Eric Record
Taoufiq Bouzid
Abdelghani Yaacoubi
Abdelaziz Baçaoui
Youssef Habibi
Loubna El Fels
author_sort Kawtar Ezzahi
collection DOAJ
description The presence of fluoroquinolone antibiotics in water bodies poses a significant environmental concern due to their persistence and potential ecological risks. This study explores the adsorption efficiency of BC and AC derived from lignocellulosic biomass for the removal of ciprofloxacin (CIP), levofloxacin (LEV), and enrofloxacin (ENR) from aqueous solutions. The results revealed that KOH activation significantly enhanced the surface area of AC (829.76 m²/g), compared to BC (258.72 m²/g), leading to a higher adsorption capacity. Adsorption kinetics were most accurately represented by the pseudo-second-order model, indicating that chemisorption is the primary mechanism in the adsorption process. Equilibrium data were fitted to both the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models, with the Langmuir model yielding the best fit, confirming monolayer adsorption. The maximum adsorption capacities (qm) obtained for AC were 147.68 mg/g for CIP, 134.29 mg/g for LEV, and 128.53 mg/g for ENR, highlighting the superior adsorption potential of AC compared to BC. Thermodynamic research found that the adsorption process was spontaneous and endothermic, with rising temperature favoring adsorption. Furthermore, the Elovich model provided additional insights into the heterogeneous nature of the adsorption sites and the strong affinity between the antibiotics and the adsorbent surface. The results demonstrate the high efficiency of AC in removing pharmaceutical pollutants, emphasizing its potential for application in wastewater treatment and environmental remediation.
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spelling doaj-art-f7ea4aa435404044b09f641f797cf3af2025-08-20T03:41:57ZengElsevierResults in Engineering2590-12302025-09-012710654010.1016/j.rineng.2025.106540Optimization, characterization, and DFT study of activated-biochar from lignocellulosic biomass for fluoroquinolone antibiotic adsorptionKawtar Ezzahi0Imad Rabichi1Hasna Befenzi2Eric Record3Taoufiq Bouzid4Abdelghani Yaacoubi5Abdelaziz Baçaoui6Youssef Habibi7Loubna El Fels8Cadi Ayyad University, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Laboratory of Water Sciences, Microbial Biotechnologies, and Natural Resources Sustainability (AQUABIOTECH), Unit of Microbial Biotechnologies, Agrosciences, and Environment (BIOMAGE)-CNRST Labeled Research Unit N 4, PO Box 2390, Marrakech 40000, MoroccoCadi Ayyad University, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Laboratory of Water Sciences, Microbial Biotechnologies, and Natural Resources Sustainability (AQUABIOTECH), Unit of Microbial Biotechnologies, Agrosciences, and Environment (BIOMAGE)-CNRST Labeled Research Unit N 4, PO Box 2390, Marrakech 40000, Morocco; Laboratory of Applied Chemistry and Biomass, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakech 40000, MoroccoCadi Ayyad University, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Laboratory of Water Sciences, Microbial Biotechnologies, and Natural Resources Sustainability (AQUABIOTECH), Unit of Microbial Biotechnologies, Agrosciences, and Environment (BIOMAGE)-CNRST Labeled Research Unit N 4, PO Box 2390, Marrakech 40000, MoroccoINRAE, Aix Marseille Univ, BBF, Biodiversité et Biotechnologie Fongiques, Marseille, France; Corresponding author at: INRAE, Aix Marseille Univ, BBF, Biodiversité et Biotechnologie Fongiques, Marseille, France.Laboratoire de chimie analytique et moléculaire, Cadi Ayyad University, Faculty polydisciplinaire, Safi, MoroccoLaboratory of Applied Chemistry and Biomass, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakech 40000, MoroccoLaboratory of Applied Chemistry and Biomass, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakech 40000, MoroccoSustainable Materials Research Center (SUSMAT -RC), University Mohammed VI Polytechnic (UM6P), Lot 660, Hay Moulay Rachid, Benguerir 43150, MoroccoCadi Ayyad University, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Laboratory of Water Sciences, Microbial Biotechnologies, and Natural Resources Sustainability (AQUABIOTECH), Unit of Microbial Biotechnologies, Agrosciences, and Environment (BIOMAGE)-CNRST Labeled Research Unit N 4, PO Box 2390, Marrakech 40000, Morocco; Sustainable Materials Research Center (SUSMAT -RC), University Mohammed VI Polytechnic (UM6P), Lot 660, Hay Moulay Rachid, Benguerir 43150, Morocco; Corresponding author at: Cadi Ayyad University, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Laboratory of Water Sciences, Microbial Biotechnologies, and Natural Resources Sustainability (AQUABIOTECH), Unit of Microbial Biotechnologies, Agrosciences, and Environment (BIOMAGE)-CNRST Labeled Research Unit N 4, PO Box 2390, Marrakech 40000, Morocco.The presence of fluoroquinolone antibiotics in water bodies poses a significant environmental concern due to their persistence and potential ecological risks. This study explores the adsorption efficiency of BC and AC derived from lignocellulosic biomass for the removal of ciprofloxacin (CIP), levofloxacin (LEV), and enrofloxacin (ENR) from aqueous solutions. The results revealed that KOH activation significantly enhanced the surface area of AC (829.76 m²/g), compared to BC (258.72 m²/g), leading to a higher adsorption capacity. Adsorption kinetics were most accurately represented by the pseudo-second-order model, indicating that chemisorption is the primary mechanism in the adsorption process. Equilibrium data were fitted to both the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models, with the Langmuir model yielding the best fit, confirming monolayer adsorption. The maximum adsorption capacities (qm) obtained for AC were 147.68 mg/g for CIP, 134.29 mg/g for LEV, and 128.53 mg/g for ENR, highlighting the superior adsorption potential of AC compared to BC. Thermodynamic research found that the adsorption process was spontaneous and endothermic, with rising temperature favoring adsorption. Furthermore, the Elovich model provided additional insights into the heterogeneous nature of the adsorption sites and the strong affinity between the antibiotics and the adsorbent surface. The results demonstrate the high efficiency of AC in removing pharmaceutical pollutants, emphasizing its potential for application in wastewater treatment and environmental remediation.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S259012302502609XAdsorptionAntibioticBiocharDFTFluoroquinolonesKinetics
spellingShingle Kawtar Ezzahi
Imad Rabichi
Hasna Befenzi
Eric Record
Taoufiq Bouzid
Abdelghani Yaacoubi
Abdelaziz Baçaoui
Youssef Habibi
Loubna El Fels
Optimization, characterization, and DFT study of activated-biochar from lignocellulosic biomass for fluoroquinolone antibiotic adsorption
Results in Engineering
Adsorption
Antibiotic
Biochar
DFT
Fluoroquinolones
Kinetics
title Optimization, characterization, and DFT study of activated-biochar from lignocellulosic biomass for fluoroquinolone antibiotic adsorption
title_full Optimization, characterization, and DFT study of activated-biochar from lignocellulosic biomass for fluoroquinolone antibiotic adsorption
title_fullStr Optimization, characterization, and DFT study of activated-biochar from lignocellulosic biomass for fluoroquinolone antibiotic adsorption
title_full_unstemmed Optimization, characterization, and DFT study of activated-biochar from lignocellulosic biomass for fluoroquinolone antibiotic adsorption
title_short Optimization, characterization, and DFT study of activated-biochar from lignocellulosic biomass for fluoroquinolone antibiotic adsorption
title_sort optimization characterization and dft study of activated biochar from lignocellulosic biomass for fluoroquinolone antibiotic adsorption
topic Adsorption
Antibiotic
Biochar
DFT
Fluoroquinolones
Kinetics
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S259012302502609X
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